Northern Ireland

Wikipedia: Northern Ireland

Counties of Northern Ireland

Antrim	Armagh	Belfast	Derry
Down	Fermanagh	Tyrone

General History

Before the last ice-age, there was no Irish Sea, English Channel or North Sea, Europe was all one land mass and the fairly sparse population was of European origin. The encroaching ice pushed out most humans although one or two tribes may have held out on the West Coast of Ireland where the gulf stream raised the temperature, probably to something like Alaska's today. After the ice-age, about 10,000 years ago, the melting ice caps raised the sea level and created the present islands which were populated by European Celts who were gradually pushed westward by fresh influxes from Europe (mainly Germanics) and Scandinavia. Ireland in particular received quite a lot of Spanish. Trade by sea flourished so there were other additions to the gene pool, e.g. Viking, and later Spanish.

The island of Ierne (Ireland) was settled by a Milesian race, who came from Scythia (Middle East) by way of Spain, and established the Kingdom of Tara about 500 BC. The supremacy of the Ardri (High King) of Tara was acknowledged by eight lesser kingdoms (Munster, Connaught, Allech, Auriel, Ulidea, Meath, Leinster and Ossory) ruled by descendants of the eight sons of Miled.

Although little is known concerning the earliest inhabitants of Ireland, there are many traces of Neolithic man throughout the island. In the later Bronze Age a Celtic race of Goidels (Gaels) appears to have invaded the island and in the early Iron Age Brythons from South Britain effected settlements in the South East, whilst Picts from North Britain established similar settlements in the North. Towards the close of the Roman occupation of Britain (they never got to Ireland), the dominant tribe in the island was that of the Scoti, who afterwards established themselves in Scotland. Gypsies, a nomadic race, originally from India, are also well represented. The overall population remained sparse, under 3 million until the 20th century.

With the separation of Britain, in the reign of Henry Vlll, from the Roman Catholic Church, Spain aggressively attempted to isolate England and sought to strengthen ties with the rest of Europe, including Ireland which remained predominately RC, culminating in a disastrous attempted invasion of England in 1588. The Armada came to grief after being forced through the English Channel, into the North Sea and rounding Scotland. It is believed that hundreds of Spanish sailors got ashore on the Irish coast and disappeared inland.

Register Office

• General Register Office Northern Ireland

Record Office

• The Public Record Office of Northern Ireland

Links

• Public Record Office of Northern Ireland

• CAIN Web Service Maps of Ireland and Northern Ireland

• Clogher Historical Society: The History of Fermanagh, Monaghan, South Tyrone, South Donegal

• Eddie's Extracts

• Emerald Ancestors

• History from Headstones July 2009

• Formation of the Ulster Division

• Freeholders' Records

• Ireland Genealogy Project & Ireland Genealogy Project Archives

• Ireland Old News County by County

• Ireland's Gravestone Index

• Irish Genealogy

• Irish Historical Picture Company

• Irish Roots Message Board

• Kabristan Archives Graveyards from Ireland and the Indian Sub-continent

• North of Ireland Family History Society

• Northern Ireland Genealogy Centre

• Northern Ireland and Rathlin Island Photographs and Images

• Northern Ireland Towns

• Parishes in Northern Ireland

• Placenames Database of Ireland

• Ulster Ancestry: Ancestral Research Service and Family Ancestry Research

• Ulster Covenant

• Ulster Historical Foundation

• Ulster Towns Directory 1910

• Will Calendars

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