Difference between revisions of "The Timeline"
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Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world. | Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world. | ||
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We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time. | We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time. | ||
+ | '''Related pages in The Reference Library''' | ||
− | + | <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php/313-General-History '''General History''']</span> | |
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− | ''' | ||
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+ | <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php/58-Getting-Started '''Getting Started''']</span> | ||
+ | [[THE_CLASSIFIED_INDEX_OF_WIKI_PAGES|The Classified Index]] | ||
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==Eleventh Century== | ==Eleventh Century== | ||
− | {| | + | {| style="classwidth="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5" |
! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | + | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS |
+ | |||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1000||Sweyn ||The Mark unit of currency || West Saxon, Mercian and Danish Law governs England || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1002|| || ||Ethelred's massacre of the Danes || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1014||Ethelred II The Unready || || || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1016|| || || || ||The Danish Viking Canute (Cnut) son of Sweyn has victory at Ashington | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1020|| || || || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1028|| || || || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1031|| || || || ||Canute's Scotland campaigns | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1040|| || || || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1042||Edward The Confessor||Edward's Court of Normandy||French & Latin courtly languages || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1050|| || ||Westminster Abbey founded, building began || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1065||Harold II the last Saxon||Edward dies 5 Jan Witan declare Harold king on 6 Jan || || || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1066||William I of Normandy The Conqueror 25 Dec||[http://www.battle-of-hastings-1066.org.uk/ Battle of Hastings] ||Bayeux Tapestry attributed to Matilda of Flanders, William I's wife or to Bishop Odo || ||The Norman Conquest | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1072|| || ||Building of Durham Castle commenced || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1075|| ||Uprisings of Hereford, Norfolk and Northumberland quashed || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1077|| || ||First Cluniac House at Lewes (Benedictine Order) || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1079|| || ||Building of Winchester Cathedral commenced || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1083|| || ||Ely Cathedral commenced on former nunnery site|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1086|| ||[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/ Domesday book completed] || || ||Henry, Holy Roman Emperor & German King born (last Salian dynasty) |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1087||William II 26 Sep|| ||Introduction of Feudalism || ||Normanization of England |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1090|| || || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1093|| ||greatest scholar is Anselm of Beck || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1095|| ||[http://www.medievalcrusades.com/crusadesbegin.htm First Crusade]|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1096|| ||William Rufus embarks on First Crusade || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1097|| || || || ||Stephen born Blois France |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1099|| || || || ||Ranierus becomes Pope Paschal II - fosters the First Crusade | + | |1099|| || || || ||Ranierus becomes Pope Paschal II - fosters the First Crusade |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1100||Henry I||[http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/william-rufus.htm William Rufus killed while hunting]||Building of Durham Cathedral commenced || || | + | |1100||Henry I 5th Aug||[http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/william-rufus.htm William Rufus killed while hunting]||Building of Durham Cathedral commenced || || |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|1132|| || || || || | |1132|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top | |-valign="top | ||
− | |1135||Stephen of Blois|| || || || | + | |1135||Stephen of Blois 25 Dec|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1141||Matilda ''(Maud)''||[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/Matilda.htm Civil War] || || || | |1141||Matilda ''(Maud)''||[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/Matilda.htm Civil War] || || || | ||
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|1150|| || || || ||Pope Alexander II named as cardinal | |1150|| || || || ||Pope Alexander II named as cardinal | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1154|| Henry II '''Plantagenet'''|| || || || | + | |1154|| Henry II '''Plantagenet''' 19 Dec|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1162|| || ||Thomas Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury || ||Fredrick I forced into exile by Pope Alexander II | |1162|| || ||Thomas Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury || ||Fredrick I forced into exile by Pope Alexander II | ||
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|1179|| || || || ||Third Laterin Council by Pope Alexander III | |1179|| || || || ||Third Laterin Council by Pope Alexander III | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1189||Richard I||[http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/third_crusade.htm Third Crusade]|| || || | + | |1189||Richard I 3rd Sep||[http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/third_crusade.htm Third Crusade]|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1199||John|| || || || | + | |1199||John 27 May|| || || || |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1204|| ||Fourth Crusade|| || || | |1204|| ||Fourth Crusade|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1215|| ||Signing of Magna Carta || || ||Fourth Laterin Council | + | |1215|| ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/index.html Signing of Magna Carta] || || ||Fourth Laterin Council |
Pope Innocent III | Pope Innocent III | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1216||Henry III||Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 || || || | + | |1216||Henry III 28 Oct||Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1217|| ||Treaty of Lambeth || || || | |1217|| ||Treaty of Lambeth || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1218|| | + | |1218||||Fifth Crusade || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1219|| ||Death of William the Marshal|| || || | |1219|| ||Death of William the Marshal|| || || | ||
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|1270|| ||Seventh Crusade|| || || | |1270|| ||Seventh Crusade|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1272||Edward I|| || || || | + | |1272||Edward I 20 Nov|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1277|| ||English conquest of Wales begins|| || || | |1277|| ||English conquest of Wales begins|| || || | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|1306|| || || || || | |1306|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1307|| Edward II|| || || || | + | |1307|| Edward II 8th July|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1308|| || || | + | |1308|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy Dante wrote ''The Divine Comedy'' between 1308 and 1321] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1309|| || || || ||[http://www.christianchronicler.com/history1/avignon_papacy.html Papacy moves to Avignon] | |1309|| || || || ||[http://www.christianchronicler.com/history1/avignon_papacy.html Papacy moves to Avignon] | ||
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|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1327||Edward III|| || ||First | + | |1327||Edward III 25 Jan|| || ||First manuscript reference to a cannon ||Death of Robert Bruce |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1333|| ||[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Halidon.pdf?1240919118 Battle of Halidon Hill]|| || || | |1333|| ||[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Halidon.pdf?1240919118 Battle of Halidon Hill]|| || || | ||
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|1356|| ||[http://www.chronique.com/Library/Knights/poitiers.htm Battle of Poitiers]|| || || | |1356|| ||[http://www.chronique.com/Library/Knights/poitiers.htm Battle of Poitiers]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1377||Richard II|| || || ||Papacy returns to Rome | + | |1377||Richard II 22 June|| || || ||Papacy returns to Rome |
Guillaume de Machaut dies | Guillaume de Machaut dies | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1380|| || ||Chaucer begins 'The Legend of Good Women' || || | + | |1380|| || ||Chaucer begins ''The Legend of Good Women''|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1381|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Peasants_Revolt/m0012266.html The Peasants' Revolt]|| || || | |1381|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Peasants_Revolt/m0012266.html The Peasants' Revolt]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1382|| || ||Chaucer's: 'The Parlement of Foules' first use of ''rhyme royal'' in English Literature || || | + | |1382|| || ||Chaucer's: ''The Parlement of Foules'' first use of ''rhyme royal'' in English Literature || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1385|| || ||Chaucer's | + | |1385|| || ||Chaucer's ''Troilus and Criseyde''|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1387|| || ||Chaucer begins 'Canterbury Tales' || || | + | |1387|| || ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/caxton/homepage.html Chaucer begins ''Canterbury Tales'']|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1388|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars12011400/p/otterburn.htm Battle of Otterburn]|| || || | |1388|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars12011400/p/otterburn.htm Battle of Otterburn]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top | |-valign="top | ||
− | |1399||Henry IV|| || || || | + | |1399||Henry IV 30 Sep|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1400|| ||[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000092016/ Owen Glendower revolts in Wales]||Chaucer dies, London, 25 Oct || || | |1400|| ||[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000092016/ Owen Glendower revolts in Wales]||Chaucer dies, London, 25 Oct || || | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1413||Henry V|| || || || | + | |1413||Henry V 21 March|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1415|| ||[http://www.longbow-archers.com/historyagincourt.htm Battle of Agincourt] || || || | |1415|| ||[http://www.longbow-archers.com/historyagincourt.htm Battle of Agincourt] || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1422||Henry VI|| || || || | + | |1422||Henry VI 1st Sep|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1440|| || ||Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded|| || | |1440|| || ||Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded|| || | ||
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|1455|| ||[http://www.warsoftheroses.com/timeline.cfm/ Start of the Wars of the Roses]|| || || | |1455|| ||[http://www.warsoftheroses.com/timeline.cfm/ Start of the Wars of the Roses]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1455|| ||[http://www.btlse.co.uk/node/15/ First Battle of St Albans]|| ||Johannes Gutenberg prints ''42 Line Bible'' in Catholic Mainz, Germany || | + | |1455|| ||[http://www.btlse.co.uk/node/15/ First Battle of St Albans]|| ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/gutenberg/homepage.html Johannes Gutenberg prints ''42 Line Bible'' in Catholic Mainz, Germany] || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1456|| || || || || | |1456|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1461||Edward IV|| || || || | + | |1461||Edward IV 4th Mar|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1470||Henry VI|| || || || | |1470||Henry VI|| || || || | ||
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|1477|||| ||William Caxton (first English Printer) produces ''Book of Curtesye'' & ''Rhymes for the Goodly Chylde'' || || | |1477|||| ||William Caxton (first English Printer) produces ''Book of Curtesye'' & ''Rhymes for the Goodly Chylde'' || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1483||Edward V|| || || || | + | |1483||Edward V 9th April|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1483||Richard III|| || || || | + | |1483||Richard III 26 June|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1485|| ||[http://www.bosworthbattlefield.com/index/battle.htm/ Battle of Bosworth Field]|| || ||Richard III dies in battle | |1485|| ||[http://www.bosworthbattlefield.com/index/battle.htm/ Battle of Bosworth Field]|| || ||Richard III dies in battle | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1485||Henry VII '''Tudor'''|| || || || | + | |1485||Henry VII '''Tudor''' 22 Aug|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1486|| ||[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_11.htm Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster]|| || || | |1486|| ||[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_11.htm Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster]|| || || | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
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|1508|| || || || || | |1508|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1509||Henry VIII||Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon|| || || | + | |1509||Henry VIII 22 April||Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1510|| || | || || || | |1510|| || | || || || | ||
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|1512|| || | || || || | |1512|| || | || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1513|| || | + | |1513|| ||Battle of Flodden Field|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1514|| || | || || || | |1514|| || | || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1515|| ||Birth of | + | |1515|| ||Birth of Mary I || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1528|| || || || || | |1528|| || || || || | ||
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|1532|| ||Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship|| || || | |1532|| ||Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1533|| ||Henry marries Ann Boleyn and is excommunicated by the Pope|| || || | + | |1533|| ||Henry marries Ann Boleyn and is excommunicated by the Pope|| || || Birth of Elizabeth I |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1534|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Supremacy Act of Supremacy passed]|| || || | |1534|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Supremacy Act of Supremacy passed]|| || || | ||
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|1546|| || | ||First civil divorce in England|| || | |1546|| || | ||First civil divorce in England|| || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1547||Edward VI|| || || || | + | |1547||Edward VI 28 Jan|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1548|| || || || || | |1548|| || || || || | ||
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|1552|| || || || || | |1552|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1553||Jane|| || || || | + | |1553||Jane 6th July|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1553||Mary I|| || || || | + | |1553||Mary I 19 July|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1554|| ||Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain|| || ||Execution of Lady Jane Grey | + | |1554|| ||Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain 25 July|| || ||Execution of Lady Jane Grey |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1555|| || || || || | |1555|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1557|| || || | + | |1557|| || ||The Stationers Company controls English book publication || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1558||Elizabeth I|| || || || | + | |1558||Elizabeth I 17 Nov|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1559|| ||Second Act of Supremacy|| || || | |1559|| ||Second Act of Supremacy|| || || | ||
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|1568|| ||Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth|| || || | |1568|| ||Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1571|| || || || || | + | |1571|| || || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1575|| || || || || | |1575|| || || || || | ||
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|1585|| || || || ||Roanoke (North America) first Englsih colony founded by Sir Thomas Raleigh | |1585|| || || || ||Roanoke (North America) first Englsih colony founded by Sir Thomas Raleigh | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1586|| ||Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial|| || || | + | |1586|| ||Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial||Famine in England - gave rise to Poor Law system || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1587|| ||Execution of Mary Queen of Scots|| || || | |1587|| ||Execution of Mary Queen of Scots|| || || | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
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|1602|| || || || || | |1602|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1603||James I '''Stuart''' || || || || | + | |1603||James I '''Stuart''' 24 March|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1604|| || || || || | |1604|| || || || || | ||
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|1606|| || || || || | |1606|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1607|| ||Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers|| | + | |1607|| ||Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers||[http://www.burnham-on-sea.com/1607-flood.shtml Tidal wave and flood in Bristol Channel kills 2000 people] || ||Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1608|| || ||John Milton (poet) born || ||Quebec city founded | |1608|| || ||John Milton (poet) born || ||Quebec city founded | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1609|| || || ||[http://www.physicsplanet.com/articles/johannes-kepler-and-his-laws-of-planetary-motion Johannes Kepler publishes ''Astromia Nova'', Kepler's first two Laws of Planetary Motion]|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1609|| || || ||Galileo looks at the sky with a telescope || | |1609|| || || ||Galileo looks at the sky with a telescope || | ||
Line 591: | Line 610: | ||
|1612|| ||[http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/princehenry.htm Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid]||10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft || || | |1612|| ||[http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/princehenry.htm Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid]||10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft || || | ||
|-valign-"top" | |-valign-"top" | ||
− | |1613|| || ||Globe Theatre London burns down || || | + | |1613|| || ||[http://www.globe-theatre.org.uk/globe-theatre-fire.htm Globe Theatre London burns down] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1614|| || ||Globe Theatre | + | |1614|| || ||Globe Theatre rebuilt by June ||John Napier publishes book of logarithms||New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam) |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1615|| || || || || | |1615|| || || || || | ||
Line 603: | Line 622: | ||
|1618|| || || || || | |1618|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1619|| ||[http://www.iep.utm.edu/b/bacon.htm Francis Bacon made Lord Chancellor]|| || || | + | |1619|| ||[http://www.iep.utm.edu/b/bacon.htm Francis Bacon made Lord Chancellor]|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi Kepler publishes ''Harmonices Mundi'', his Third Law of Planetary Motion] || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1620|| || ||Francis Bacon publishes ''Novum Organum'' || ||Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England | |1620|| || ||Francis Bacon publishes ''Novum Organum'' || ||Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England | ||
Line 615: | Line 634: | ||
|1624|| || ||Fire destroys much of Dunfermline || || | |1624|| || ||Fire destroys much of Dunfermline || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1625||Charles I|| || || || | + | |1625||Charles I 27 March|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1626|| || || || || | |1626|| || || || || | ||
Line 633: | Line 652: | ||
|1633|| || ||Milton's ''On the Morning of Christ's Nativity'' first poem in English || || | |1633|| || ||Milton's ''On the Morning of Christ's Nativity'' first poem in English || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1634|| || First writs for Ship Money issued || || || | + | |1634|| || First writs for Ship Money issued ||Smallpox epidemic || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1635|| || || || ||18th Sept Emperor Ferdinand II declares War on France | + | |1635|| || ||Smallpox epidemic|| ||18th Sept Emperor Ferdinand II declares War on France |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1636|| || || || || | |1636|| || || || || | ||
Line 675: | Line 694: | ||
|1644|| || Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan|| || || | |1644|| || Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1644|| ||Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar ||Globe Theatre destroyed by Puritans || || | + | |1644|| ||Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar ||[http://www.globe-theatre.org.uk/globe-theatre-puritans.htm Globe Theatre destroyed by Puritans]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1644|| ||Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June|| || || | |1644|| ||Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June|| || || | ||
Line 704: | Line 723: | ||
|1652|| || ||[http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-IRO-coffee_houses.htm Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House] || || | |1652|| || ||[http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-IRO-coffee_houses.htm Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House] || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1653||Oliver Cromwell|| || || || | + | |1653||Oliver Cromwell||Great fire of Malborough || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1654|| || || || || | |1654|| || || || || | ||
Line 718: | Line 737: | ||
|1659|| || || || || | |1659|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1660||Charles II|| ||Royal Society formed || ||Samuel Pepys begins diary | + | |1660||Charles II|| ||Royal Society formed || ||[http://www.pepysdiary.com/ Samuel Pepys begins diary] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1661|| ||[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/corporation_act_1661.htm The Corporation Act] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi Malpighi discovers capillaries]|| | |1661|| ||[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/corporation_act_1661.htm The Corporation Act] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi Malpighi discovers capillaries]|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1662|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_Relief_Act_1662 Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement)] || || ||The parish responsible for the relief of the poor. | + | |1662|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_Relief_Act_1662 Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement)] || || ||'''The parish responsible for the relief of the poor''' |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1662|| ||[http://greatejection.blogspot.com/2007/10/act-of-uniformity.html Act of Uniformity] ||Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza|| ||Book of Common Prayer (the current ''traditional'' C of E prayer book) | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1662|| ||Act | + | |1662|| ||The Quaker Act|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1662 to 1689|| || || || ||[http://www.progenealogists.com/greatbritain/hearthtax.htm Hearth Tax in England] | |1662 to 1689|| || || || ||[http://www.progenealogists.com/greatbritain/hearthtax.htm Hearth Tax in England] | ||
Line 730: | Line 751: | ||
|1663|| || ||Mens' wigs become fashionable || || | |1663|| || ||Mens' wigs become fashionable || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1664|| || || || || | + | |1664|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventicle_Act_1664 Conventicle Act] || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1665-67|| ||2nd Dutch War||The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published The Convertide Act The Five Mile Act || || | |1665-67|| ||2nd Dutch War||The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published The Convertide Act The Five Mile Act || || | ||
Line 776: | Line 797: | ||
|1684|| || || || || | |1684|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1685||James II||[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james2 Battle of Sedgmoor]||[http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/revo_nantes.html Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England]|| ||Johann Sebastian Bach born | + | |1685||James II 6th Feb||[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james2 Battle of Sedgmoor]||[http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/revo_nantes.html Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England]|| ||Johann Sebastian Bach born |
Georg Friedrich Handel born Halle Germany | Georg Friedrich Handel born Halle Germany | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
Line 783: | Line 804: | ||
|1688|| ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/glorious_revolution_01.shtml The Glorious Revolution]|| || || | |1688|| ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/glorious_revolution_01.shtml The Glorious Revolution]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1689||William III ''Prince of Orange'' and Mary II||[http://www.ntseducation.org.uk/teachers/killiecrankie.html Battle of Killiecrankie] ||Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters || || | + | |1689||William III ''Prince of Orange'' and Mary II 13 Feb||[http://www.ntseducation.org.uk/teachers/killiecrankie.html Battle of Killiecrankie] ||Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1690|| || || || ||First bicycle appears in France - ''the celerifere'' | |1690|| || || || ||First bicycle appears in France - ''the celerifere'' | ||
Line 791: | Line 812: | ||
|1693|| ||National Debt founded|| || ||Land tax first introduced | |1693|| ||National Debt founded|| || ||Land tax first introduced | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1694||Death of Mary II; William III rules alone|| ||[http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/history/ Foundation of the Bank of England]|| || | + | |1694||Death of Mary II; William III rules alone 28 Dec|| ||[http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/history/ Foundation of the Bank of England]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1695|| || ||Press licensing abandoned in England (freedom of the press)|| || | |1695|| || ||Press licensing abandoned in England (freedom of the press)|| || | ||
Line 818: | Line 839: | ||
! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1701|| ||[http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/parliament/settlement.htm Act of Settlement] || ||Jethro Tull invents the seed drill || | |1701|| ||[http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/parliament/settlement.htm Act of Settlement] || ||Jethro Tull invents the seed drill || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1702||Anne | + | |1702||Anne 08 March||War of Spanish Succession starts||''The Daily Courant'' published - first daily newspaper|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1703|| || || | + | |1703|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703 The Great Storm of 1703] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1704|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars16011800/p/blenheim.htm Battle of Blenheim]|| || || | |1704|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars16011800/p/blenheim.htm Battle of Blenheim]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1705|| ||The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona|| ||[http://www.animatedengines.com/newcomen.shtml Newcomen | + | |1705|| ||The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona|| ||[http://www.animatedengines.com/newcomen.shtml Newcomen invents first practical steam engine]|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1706|| ||Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles|| || || | |1706|| ||Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles|| || || | ||
Line 849: | Line 870: | ||
|1713|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht The Treaty of Utrecht]|| || || | |1713|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht The Treaty of Utrecht]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1714||George I ''Elector of Hannover''||End of the War of Spanish Succession|| || Mercury thermometer invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit || | + | |1714||George I ''Elector of Hannover'' 01 August||End of the War of Spanish Succession|| || Mercury thermometer invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1715|| ||[http://www.rls.org.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-001-454-L Jacobite Rebellion defeated]|| || || | |1715|| ||[http://www.rls.org.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-001-454-L Jacobite Rebellion defeated]|| || || | ||
Line 865: | Line 886: | ||
|1721|| ||Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister (Whig)|| || || | |1721|| ||Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister (Whig)|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1722|| || ||Daniel Defoe 's ''A | + | |1722|| || ||Daniel Defoe 's ''A Journal of the Plague Year'' & ''Colonial Jack'' published|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1723|| || || || || | |1723|| || || || || | ||
Line 871: | Line 892: | ||
|1726|| || ||''Gulliver's Travels'' by Jonathan Swift published|| ||Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I | |1726|| || ||''Gulliver's Travels'' by Jonathan Swift published|| ||Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1727||George II|| || || ||Death of Sir Isaac Newton | + | |1727||George II 11 June|| || || ||Death of Sir Isaac Newton |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1733|| || || ||[http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/009.html Kay's flying shuttle]|| | |1733|| || || ||[http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/009.html Kay's flying shuttle]|| | ||
Line 885: | Line 906: | ||
|1740|| || || || ||War of the Austrian Succession | |1740|| || || || ||War of the Austrian Succession | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1742|| ||Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington | + | |1742|| ||Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (Whig) ||Henry Fielding publishes ''Joseph Andrews'' ||Sheffield flatware (cutlery) developed by Thomas Boulsover || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1743|| ||Henry Pelham | + | |1743|| ||Henry Pelham (Whig) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1744|| || ||John Newbery first to publish Children's Literature ''A Pretty Pocket Book'' || || | |1744|| || ||John Newbery first to publish Children's Literature ''A Pretty Pocket Book'' || || | ||
Line 903: | Line 924: | ||
|1750|| || ||London earth tremors cause panic Samuel Johnson produces ''The Rambler'' essays (1750-52)|| || | |1750|| || ||London earth tremors cause panic Samuel Johnson produces ''The Rambler'' essays (1750-52)|| || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1751|| || ||Fielding publishes ''Amelia | + | |1751|| || ||Fielding publishes ''Amelia'' Tobias Smollet publishes ''The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle''||' || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1752|| || || || ||Gregorian calendar introduced | |1752|| || || || ||Gregorian calendar introduced | ||
Line 909: | Line 930: | ||
|1753|| || ||[http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history_and_the_building/general_history.aspx Foundation of the British Museum]|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_Act_1753 Marriage Act] | |1753|| || ||[http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history_and_the_building/general_history.aspx Foundation of the British Museum]|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_Act_1753 Marriage Act] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1754|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle | + | |1754|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1755|| ||War with France||Samuel Johnson published ''The Dictionary'' (English) || || | |1755|| ||War with France||Samuel Johnson published ''The Dictionary'' (English) || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1756|| ||William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire | + | |1756|| ||William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire (Whig)||Marine Society founded || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1756 to 1763|| ||Seven Years' War|| || || | |1756 to 1763|| ||Seven Years' War|| || || | ||
Line 921: | Line 942: | ||
|1757|| ||[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_plassey.html Battle of Plassey]||William Blake born|| || | |1757|| ||[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_plassey.html Battle of Plassey]||William Blake born|| || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1758|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle | + | |1758|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1759|| || || || ||Georg Friedrich Handel dies | |1759|| || || || ||Georg Friedrich Handel dies | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1760||George III|| || || || | + | |1760||George III 25 Oct|| || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1762|| ||John Stuart, Earl of Bute | + | |1762|| ||John Stuart, Earl of Bute (Tory)||Oliver Goldsmith's essay ''The Citizen of the World'' or ''Letters from a Chinese Philospher'' published || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1763|| ||George Grenville | + | |1763|| ||George Grenville (Whig)||August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1764|| || ||Oliver Goldsmith | + | |1764|| || ||Oliver Goldsmith publishes ''The Travellor'' || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1765|| ||Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham | + | |1765|| ||Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig)||John Newbery prints ''A history of Goody Two Shoes;'' ''Mother Goose's Melody'' || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1766|| ||William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham | + | |1766|| ||William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham (Whig)||''The Vicar of Wakefield'' by Oliver Goldsmith published || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1767|| ||Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton | + | |1767|| ||Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton (Whig)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1768|| || ||[http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/about/ Royal Academy of Arts founded]||[http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/hargreaveso.htm Spinning jenny] || | |1768|| || ||[http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/about/ Royal Academy of Arts founded]||[http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/hargreaveso.htm Spinning jenny] || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1770|| ||Frederick North, Lord North | + | |1770|| ||Frederick North, Lord North (Tory)|||| || [http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/australianhistory/ Cook charts New South Wales] |
Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn | Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
Line 948: | Line 969: | ||
|1774|| || || ||Discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley || | |1774|| || || ||Discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1775|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/rev-prel.htm American War of Independence] || ||James Watt develops | + | |1775|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/rev-prel.htm American War of Independence] ||[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/harrison John Harrisson's chronometer finally given prize by Parliament]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine James Watt develops improved steam engine]|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1776|| || || ||[http://www.bridgewatercanal.co.uk/ Bridgewater canal completed]||American Declaration of Independence | |1776|| || || ||[http://www.bridgewatercanal.co.uk/ Bridgewater canal completed]||American Declaration of Independence | ||
Line 964: | Line 985: | ||
|1781|| || || || || | |1781|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1782|| || Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham | + | |1782|| || Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1782|| || William FitzMaurice, Earl of Shelburne | + | |1782|| || William FitzMaurice, Earl of Shelburne (Whig)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1783|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland | + | |1783|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory)|| || ||Britain recognises U.S. independence |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1783|| ||William Pitt the Younger | + | |1783|| ||William Pitt the Younger (Tory)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1784|| || ||William Blake opens own print shop; ||Blake invents relief etching as a print/publishing form || | |1784|| || ||William Blake opens own print shop; ||Blake invents relief etching as a print/publishing form || | ||
Line 976: | Line 997: | ||
|1785|| || ||[http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=opentogod.content&cmid=1618 Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom Cartwright's Power Loom]|| | |1785|| || ||[http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=opentogod.content&cmid=1618 Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom Cartwright's Power Loom]|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1786|| || || | + | |1786|| || ||Beginning of gas lighting || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1787|| || || || ||The Constitution (United States of America) declared | |1787|| || || || ||The Constitution (United States of America) declared | ||
Line 1,000: | Line 1,021: | ||
|1798|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/broadside1.html Nelson wins Battle of the Nile] || Beethoven writes ''Pathetique''|| ||Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada | |1798|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/broadside1.html Nelson wins Battle of the Nile] || Beethoven writes ''Pathetique''|| ||Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1800|| || || ||Sir Humphry Davy announces the | + | |1800|| || || ||Sir Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide ||[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2102657 '''Census Act'''] |
|- | |- | ||
Line 1,019: | Line 1,040: | ||
! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | |1801|| || || ||[http://www.canalmuseum.org.uk/history/regents.htm Regents Canal opens]||[http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~alan/family/N-EarlyCensuses.html '''Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians'''] | + | |1801|| || || ||[http://www.canalmuseum.org.uk/history/regents.htm Regents Canal opens]||[http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~alan/family/N-EarlyCensuses.html '''Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians''')] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1801|| ||Henry Addington | + | |1801|| ||Henry Addington (Tory) ||Earl of Mansfield's monument completed by John Flaxman ||[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/aboutus/history/timeline.html First Ordnance Survey map published, the 1 inch map of Kent]|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1802|| || ||John | + | |1802|| || ||John Flaxman illustrates Dantes' ''The Divine Comedy'' || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1804|| ||William Pitt the Younger | + | |1804|| ||William Pitt the Younger (Tory)|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick World's first steam-hauled railway journey at Merthyr Tydfil,Wales] || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1805|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/battle-of-trafalgar.html Battle of Trafalgar]|| || || | |1805|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/battle-of-trafalgar.html Battle of Trafalgar]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1806|| ||William Grenville, Lord Grenville | + | |1806|| ||William Grenville, Lord Grenville (Whig)||[http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.36/The-state-funeral-of-Lord-Nelson-59-January-1806.html State funeral of Lord Nelson] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel Birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1807|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lslavery07.htm/ Abolition of Slavery Act]|| || || | |1807|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lslavery07.htm/ Abolition of Slavery Act]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1807|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland | + | |1807|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1808 to 1814|| ||Peninsular War|| || || | |1808 to 1814|| ||Peninsular War|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1809|| ||Spencer Perceval | + | |1809|| ||Spencer Perceval (Tory) || || ||First 'free' settlers to NSW |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1810|| || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4290124.stm First curry house opens in England] || || | |1810|| || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4290124.stm First curry house opens in England] || || | ||
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|1812-15|| ||Anglo-American War |||| || | |1812-15|| ||Anglo-American War |||| || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1812|| ||[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/perceval.html | + | |1812|| ||[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/perceval.html Spencer Perceval PM assassinated]|| ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1750-1820/IC.008/ First commercial European paddle steamer] |
||[http://www.familytreeforum.com/wiki/index.php/Parish_Registers Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes] | ||[http://www.familytreeforum.com/wiki/index.php/Parish_Registers Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes] | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1812|| ||Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool | + | |1812|| ||Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (Tory) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1813|| || ||Publication of ''Pride and Prejudice'' by Jane Austen|| || | |1813|| || ||Publication of ''Pride and Prejudice'' by Jane Austen|| || | ||
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|1815|| ||[http://www.britishbattles.com/waterloo/waterloo-june-1815.htm Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo] ||''Emma'' by Jane Ausen published ||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?pageid=2594 Leeds Liverpool canal completed] || | |1815|| ||[http://www.britishbattles.com/waterloo/waterloo-june-1815.htm Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo] ||''Emma'' by Jane Ausen published ||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?pageid=2594 Leeds Liverpool canal completed] || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1816|| |||| ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1750-1820/IC.003/ Davy lamp improves mining safety] ||Year without a summer | + | |1816|| |||| ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1750-1820/IC.003/ Davy lamp improves mining safety] ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer Year without a summer following volcanic eruption] |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1816|| |||| ||René Laënnec invents the stethoscope|| | ||
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− | |1816|| |||| || | + | |1816|| |||| ||The draisine (bicycle) appears in Germany|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1817|| || ||Jane Austen's ''Persuasion'' and ''Northanger | + | |1817|| || ||Jane Austen's ''Persuasion'' and ''Northanger Abbey'' published postumously || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1818|| || ||Nelson's monument completed by John Flaxman ||James Blundell, British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion | + | |1818|| || ||Nelson's monument completed by John Flaxman ||James Blundell, British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion||Death of Queen Charlotte |
− | Curride (bicycle) appears in England (known as the ''hobbyhorse'') || | + | |-valign="top" |
− | + | |1818|| || || ||Curride (bicycle) appears in England (known as the ''hobbyhorse'') || | |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1819|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1819peterloo.html Peterloo Massacre] || || ||Jacques Offenbach French Composer born | |1819|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1819peterloo.html Peterloo Massacre] || || ||Jacques Offenbach French Composer born | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1820||George IV||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcato.htm Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy]|| || || | + | |1820||George IV 29 Jan||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcato.htm Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy]|| || || |
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|1821|| || || || ||'''Census May 28th''' (of limited value to family historians) | |1821|| || || || ||'''Census May 28th''' (of limited value to family historians) | ||
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|1826|| || ||Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire ||First steamship crosses Atlantic || | |1826|| || ||Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire ||First steamship crosses Atlantic || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1827|| ||George Canning | + | |1827|| ||George Canning (Tory)|| ||Endoscope invented by Pierre Segalas || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1827|| ||Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich | + | |1827|| ||Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich (Tory)|| || ||Ludwig van Beethoven dies |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1828|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington | + | |1828|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1829|| ||The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs||[[Law_and_Law_Enforcement|Metropolitan Police established]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.007/ Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive] ||WA declared British possession | |1829|| ||The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs||[[Law_and_Law_Enforcement|Metropolitan Police established]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.007/ Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive] ||WA declared British possession | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1830||William IV||Charles Grey, Earl Grey | + | |1830||William IV 26 June ||Charles Grey, Earl Grey (Whig )|| ||Liverpool & Midlands Railway opens|| |
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|1831|| || || || ||'''Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians)''' | |1831|| || || || ||'''Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians)''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1831 to 1832|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/cholera/m0003435.html | + | |1831 to 1832|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/cholera/m0003435.html First Cholera Epidemic] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1832|| ||[http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob6.html The Reform Bill of 1832]|| || || | |1832|| ||[http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob6.html The Reform Bill of 1832]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1833|| ||[http:// | + | |1833|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833/ Slavery Abolition Act]|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1834|| ||[http:// | + | |1834|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workhouse#The_Poor_Law_Amendment_Act.2C_1834.2C_England_and_Wales/ Poor Law Amendment Act]||[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/tolpuddle_martyrs/tolpuddle_martyrs.htm Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1834|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne | + | |1834|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1834|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington | + | |1834|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1834|| ||Sir Robert Peel | + | |1834|| ||Sir Robert Peel (Tory) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1835|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne | + | |1835|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1836|| ||[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/tolpuddle_martyrs/tolpuddle_martyrs.htm Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure] ||Charles Dickens serializes ''The Pickwick Papers'' || || | |1836|| ||[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/tolpuddle_martyrs/tolpuddle_martyrs.htm Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure] ||Charles Dickens serializes ''The Pickwick Papers'' || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1837||Victoria|| || ||[http://www.cntr.salford.ac.uk/comms/ebirth.php Electric Telegraph invented] ||[[Records Office Guide|'''Civil Registration introduced''']] | + | |1837||Victoria 20 June|| || ||[http://www.cntr.salford.ac.uk/comms/ebirth.php Electric Telegraph invented] ||[[Records Office Guide|'''Civil Registration introduced''']] |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1837|| || || ||Alfred Bird invents custard powder || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1838|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1838chartism.html Chartism:The People's Petition] || ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.037/ Daguerrotype photographical process] ||'''Public Record Office''' established | |1838|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1838chartism.html Chartism:The People's Petition] || ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.037/ Daguerrotype photographical process] ||'''Public Record Office''' established | ||
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|1840|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Penny_Post Uniform Penny Post introduced]|| ||Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | |1840|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Penny_Post Uniform Penny Post introduced]|| ||Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | ||
|-valign="top | |-valign="top | ||
− | |1841|| ||Sir Robert Peel | + | |1841|| ||Sir Robert Peel (Tory) ||Thomas Cook travel company founded ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbrighton.htm London-Brighton railway completed] ||'''Census: 6th June''' |
|-valign="top | |-valign="top | ||
− | |1842|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_Tax_Act_1842 Income Tax Act]||Income tax re-introduced|| || | + | |1842|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_Tax_Act_1842 Income Tax Act]||Income tax re-introduced||Invention of Kilner jar enables easier home preservation of fruit and vegetables || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1843|| || ||[http://history.powys.org.uk/history/rhaeadr/rebecca.html Rebecca riots in Wales]|| || | |1843|| || ||[http://history.powys.org.uk/history/rhaeadr/rebecca.html Rebecca riots in Wales]|| || | ||
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|1844|| || || ||Safety match invented in Sweden || | |1844|| || || ||Safety match invented in Sweden || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1845|| || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml Start of the Irish Potato Famine]|| ||[http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/famine/emigration.html Emigration from Ireland rises steeply] | + | |1845|| || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml Start of the Irish Potato Famine]|| RW Thompson (UK) patents the pneumatic tyre but no vehicles suitable to make it a commercial success!||[http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/famine/emigration.html Emigration from Ireland rises steeply] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1845 to 1872|| ||[http://balagan.org.uk/war/nz/1845/index.htm New Zealand Colonial Wars]|| || || | |1845 to 1872|| ||[http://balagan.org.uk/war/nz/1845/index.htm New Zealand Colonial Wars]|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1846|| ||Lord John Russell | + | |1846|| ||Lord John Russell (Whig) Repeal of the Corn Laws||Dickens publishes ''Dombey and Son'' (1846-48) || ||Hans Christian Anderson's stories translated into English |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1847|| || || ||First use of chloroform in childbirth|| | + | |1847|| || || ||First use of chloroform in childbirth||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time#History Greenwich Mean Time adopted across mainland Great Britain] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1848 to 1849|| || ||2nd Cholera Epidemic || || | |1848 to 1849|| || ||2nd Cholera Epidemic || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1848|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Public_Health_Acts/m0025253.html 1st Public Health Act]||[http://www.practicalpainting.com/Articles/PreRaphael/PreRaphae0505.htm Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]|| ||Influx of academic and middle class Europeans to London | + | |1848|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Public_Health_Acts/m0025253.html 1st Public Health Act]||[http://www.practicalpainting.com/Articles/PreRaphael/PreRaphae0505.htm Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]||[http://www.chardmuseum.co.uk/Powered_Flight First aircraft to fly under its own power in Chard, Somerset]||Influx of academic and middle class Europeans to London |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1849|| || ||Dickens releases ''David Copperfield'' || || | |1849|| || ||Dickens releases ''David Copperfield'' || || | ||
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|1851|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/prints_books/prints_books/great_exhibition/index.html The Great Exhibition]||[http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ Australian Gold Rush] ||'''Census: 30th March''' | |1851|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/prints_books/prints_books/great_exhibition/index.html The Great Exhibition]||[http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ Australian Gold Rush] ||'''Census: 30th March''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1852|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby | + | |1852|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative)||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum)]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1852 || ||George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen | + | |1852 || ||George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (Conservative)||Dickens releases ''Bleak House'' 1852-1853 || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1853|| || ||3rd Cholera Epidemic || || | |1853|| || ||3rd Cholera Epidemic || || | ||
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|1854|| || ||Dickens publishes ''Hard Times'' || || | |1854|| || ||Dickens publishes ''Hard Times'' || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1855|| ||Viscount Palmerston | + | |1855|| ||Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)||Dickens releases ''Little Dorrit'' || ||[http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?r=554&402 '''Civil Registration introduced in Scotland'''] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1856|| || ||[[General_Everyday_Clothing#1851_-_1860|Crinoline becomes popular]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/science/1820-1880/IC.054/ Synthetic dyes invented] || | |1856|| || ||[[General_Everyday_Clothing#1851_-_1860|Crinoline becomes popular]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/science/1820-1880/IC.054/ Synthetic dyes invented] || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1856|| || ||Cage crinoline invented ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.012/ Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production] || | |1856|| || ||Cage crinoline invented ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.012/ Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production] || | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1856|| || ||First commercial production of condensed milk || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1857|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum)] || ||[[Divorce_and_Annulments|Matrimonial Causes Act]] | |1857|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum)] || ||[[Divorce_and_Annulments|Matrimonial Causes Act]] | ||
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− | |1858|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby | + | |1858|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1858|| ||Viscount Palmerston | + | |1858|| ||Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)|| || ||[http://www.familyrecords.gov.uk/topics/wills_1.htm/''' Secular Court of Probate created'''] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1858|| ||[http://www.canterbury.ac.uk/salomons-museum/jewish-history-fight.asp Jews permitted to become MPs]|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | | | + | |1859 || || || ||Louis Pasteur paper published suggesting that microorganisms may cause many human and animal diseases || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin’s ''On The Origin Of Species'' published] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1861 || || ||Death of Prince Albert from typhoid || || | + | |1860 || || || || || |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1861 || || ||Death of Prince Albert from typhoid || ||'''Census: 7th April''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1861 to 1865|| ||[http://americancivilwar.com/ American Civil War]||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?LANGUAGE=eng&pageID=885/ Lancashire Cotton Famine] || || | |1861 to 1865|| ||[http://americancivilwar.com/ American Civil War]||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?LANGUAGE=eng&pageID=885/ Lancashire Cotton Famine] || || | ||
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|1865|| ||[http://www.carhistory4u.com/content/view/106/195/ Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act'] ||[http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/control/archive.htm#cattle Great Cattle Plague to 1857]|| || | |1865|| ||[http://www.carhistory4u.com/content/view/106/195/ Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act'] ||[http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/control/archive.htm#cattle Great Cattle Plague to 1857]|| || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1865|| ||John Russell, Earl Russell | + | |1865|| ||John Russell, Earl Russell (Liberal)||Lewis Carrol (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) published ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' || || |
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− | |1866|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby | + | |1866|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1867|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1867 Second Reform Act - number of voters doubled]||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1867lister.html Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery] ||Suez canal opens || | + | |1867|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1867 Second Reform Act - number of voters doubled]||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1867lister.html Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery] ||Suez canal opens. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter#History First commercially successful typewriter invented] || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1868|| ||Benjamin Disraeli | + | |1868|| ||Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative)||Lousia Alcott's ''Little Women'' published || ||Last convicts transported to Western Australia |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1868|| ||William Ewart Gladstone | + | |1868|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)||Jacques Offenbach composes ''Orpheus of the Underworld'' ||Margarine invented in France by Hippolyte Mege-Mouriez || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1870 || || Education Act makes primary education compulsory||First Barnardo's Home opens || || | |1870 || || Education Act makes primary education compulsory||First Barnardo's Home opens || || | ||
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|1871|| ||Trade Unions legalized ||Lewis Carroll's ''Through The Looking Glass and what Alice Found There'' published||James Starling invents pennyfarthing bicycle ("highwheeler")||'''Census: 2nd April''' | |1871|| ||Trade Unions legalized ||Lewis Carroll's ''Through The Looking Glass and what Alice Found There'' published||James Starling invents pennyfarthing bicycle ("highwheeler")||'''Census: 2nd April''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1871|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Rowntree/m0024484.html Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, entrepreneur and philanthropist born]|| | + | |1871|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Rowntree/m0024484.html Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, entrepreneur and philanthropist born]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1872|| ||2nd Public Health Act introduced ||Compulsory vaccination against smallpox introduced || || | |1872|| ||2nd Public Health Act introduced ||Compulsory vaccination against smallpox introduced || || | ||
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|1873|| || || |||| | |1873|| || || |||| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1874 || ||Benjamin Disraeli | + | |1874 || ||Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) ||Bustles begin to be fashionable || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1875|| ||3rd and 4th Public Health Act introduced and were compulsory || ||First electric dental drill patented by George Green || | |1875|| ||3rd and 4th Public Health Act introduced and were compulsory || ||First electric dental drill patented by George Green || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1876|| || ||New Central Committee of Nation Society for Women's Suffrage founded Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' published ||Alexander Graham Bell | + | |1876|| || ||New Central Committee of Nation Society for Women's Suffrage founded Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' published ||[http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=254181 Both Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell file patents for the telephone]|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1877|| || || ||Edison invents phonograph and electric light bulb || | + | |1877|| || ||[http://aeltc2009.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/museum/museum_history.html First Lawn Tennis Championship at Wimbledon] ||Edison invents phonograph || |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1878|| || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Swan Joseph Swan invents and patents the electric light bulb]|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1878 to 1880|| ||Second Afghan War|| || || | |1878 to 1880|| ||Second Afghan War|| || || | ||
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|1879|| ||Zulu War || ||First vaccine for Cholera introduced || | |1879|| ||Zulu War || ||First vaccine for Cholera introduced || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1880|| ||William Ewart Gladstone | + | |1880|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) ||Jacques Offenbach composes ''The Tales of Hoffman'' || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1880 to 1881|| ||First Boer War||Death of Jacques Offenbach || || | |1880 to 1881|| ||First Boer War||Death of Jacques Offenbach || || | ||
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|1884|| ||||Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' published || || | |1884|| ||||Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' published || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1885|| ||Marquess of Salisbury | + | |1885|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative)||Robert Louis Stevenson's ''A Child's Garden of Verse'' published ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/ Modern style chain driven bicycle invented] Benz builds first motor car|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1886|| ||William Ewart Gladstone | + | |1886|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) || ||Coca Cola invented in USA by Dr John Stith Pemberton|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1886|| || | + | |1886|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative)||R L Stevenson's ''Kidnapped'' Published || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1887|| || || ||Adolf Frick invents contact lenses ||Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee | |1887|| || || ||Adolf Frick invents contact lenses ||Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee | ||
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|1891|| || || || ||'''Census: 5th April''' | |1891|| || || || ||'''Census: 5th April''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1892|| ||William Ewart Gladstone | + | |1892|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1893|| ||First Matabele War || ||Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph || | |1893|| ||First Matabele War || ||Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1894|| ||Earl of Rosebery | + | |1894|| ||Earl of Rosebery (Liberal)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1895|| ||Marquess of Salisbury | + | |1895|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) || ||Rontgen discovers X rays|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1896|| ||Second Matabele War || ||First vaccine for typhoid fever || | |1896|| ||Second Matabele War || ||First vaccine for typhoid fever || | ||
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! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ! width="5%"|'''YEAR''' | ||
! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ! width="15%"|'''MONARCH''' | ||
− | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL | + | ! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS''' |
− | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS | + | ! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES''' |
! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1900|||| ||Beatrix Potter's ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'' published || || | |1900|||| ||Beatrix Potter's ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'' published || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1901||Queen Victoria died 22nd Jan || || || ||Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research opens in New York City | + | |1901||Queen Victoria died 22nd Jan || || ||Satori Kato invents powdered instant coffee ||Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research opens in New York City |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1901||Edward VII|| ||||The existence of different human blood types discovered by Karl Landsteiner ||Australia granted dominion status | |1901||Edward VII|| ||||The existence of different human blood types discovered by Karl Landsteiner ||Australia granted dominion status | ||
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|1901|| || || || ||'''Census 1st April''' | |1901|| || || || ||'''Census 1st April''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1902|| ||Arthur Balfour | + | |1902|| ||Arthur Balfour (Conservative) ||Beatrix Potter's ''The Tale of Gloucester'' published ||[http://www.marmite.co.uk/love/history/birth-of-marmite.html Marmite first produced in Burton on Trent] ||Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty, first signed on 30th January |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1903|| || || ||Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first flight|| | + | |1903|| || || ||Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first manned flight|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1903|| || || ||Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiograph, King Camp Gillette invents the safety razor|| | |1903|| || || ||Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiograph, King Camp Gillette invents the safety razor|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1905|| ||Henry Campbell-Bannerman | + | |1905|| ||Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1906|| || || ||Diagnostic test for syphilis introduced by German researcher August von Wasserman. ||San Francisco earthquake | |1906|| || || ||Diagnostic test for syphilis introduced by German researcher August von Wasserman. ||San Francisco earthquake | ||
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|1907|| || || || First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique || | |1907|| || || || First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1908|| ||Herbert H. Asquith | + | |1908|| ||Herbert H. Asquith (Liberal Coalition) ||''The Wind in the Willows'' by Kenneth Grahame published || ||4th Olympic Games held in London |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1908|| ||Women's Suffrage bill carried by 179 votes|| || ||Triple Entente between Russia, France and Great Britain signed | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1909|| || ||Old age pension introduced in Britain || National Committee for Mental Hygiene founded to promote prevention and cure of mental diseases. || | |1909|| || ||Old age pension introduced in Britain || National Committee for Mental Hygiene founded to promote prevention and cure of mental diseases. || | ||
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|1909|| || ||Labour Exchange system introduced || || | |1909|| || ||Labour Exchange system introduced || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1910||George V|| || || || | + | |1910||George V|| || ||First large scale production of rayon || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1911|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Insurance_Act_1911 National Insurance Act]|| || ||'''Census 2nd April''' | |1911|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Insurance_Act_1911 National Insurance Act]|| || ||'''Census 2nd April''' | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1912|| || ||Suffragette newspaper founded by the Pankhursts || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic Sinking of the Titanic] | + | |1912|| || ||Suffragette newspaper founded by the Pankhursts || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic Sinking of the Titanic] [http://www.blackpool-illuminations.net/history.html First Blackpool illuminations] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1913|| || || || || | + | |1913|| || || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senghenydd_Colliery_Disaster Senghenydd Colliery Disaster] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1914 to 1918|| ||[[World War One]]|| || ||Sinking of the Lusitania | |1914 to 1918|| ||[[World War One]]|| || ||Sinking of the Lusitania | ||
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|1915|| ||Coalition government formed || || || | |1915|| ||Coalition government formed || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1916|| ||David Lloyd George | + | |1916|| ||David Lloyd George (Liberal - Coalition Government) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1916|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWsomme.htm Battle of the Somme]|| || || | |1916|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWsomme.htm Battle of the Somme]|| || || | ||
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|1919|| ||Sex Disqualification Act ||Children's Book Week introduced in USA || || | |1919|| ||Sex Disqualification Act ||Children's Book Week introduced in USA || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1920|| ||Married Women's | + | |1920|| ||Married Women's Property Act ||Collapse of Farrow's Bank affects thousands of small investors || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1921|| || || ||[http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Biographies/Mellanby-Edward.html Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D]|| | |1921|| || || ||[http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Biographies/Mellanby-Edward.html Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D]|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1922|| ||Andrew Bonar Law | + | |1922|| ||Andrew Bonar Law (Conservative) || ||BBC begins radio broadcasts || |
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1923|| ||Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) ||26th April Marriage of Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth ||First vaccine for diphtheria ||Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty terminated | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1923|| || | + | |1923|| || ||||Clarence Birdseye perfects technique for freezing food|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1924|| ||First Labour Government formed by James Ramsay MacDonald|| ||First Greenwich time signal broadcast ||Death of Lenin | |1924|| ||First Labour Government formed by James Ramsay MacDonald|| ||First Greenwich time signal broadcast ||Death of Lenin | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1924|| || Stanley Baldwin | + | |1924|| || Stanley Baldwin (Conservative)|| || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1925|| || || || || | + | |1925|| ||[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GQ3w8QUqYJcC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=%22Guardianship+of+Infants+Act+1925%22&source=bl&ots=vFBeLIQ4De&sig=yihpm1c5jq8ZDhgcRxqBsLwAuo8&hl=en&ei=G3RlSoHnFpSsjAfZ8KmdAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 The Guardianship of Infants Act] || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1926|| || ||General Strike in support of coalminers|| John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television|| Formal Legal Adoption Commenced | + | |1926|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike General Strike in support of coalminers]|| John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television|| Formal Legal Adoption Commenced |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1926|| || ||''Winnie-the-Pooh'' by A A Milne published ||First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough). || | |1926|| || ||''Winnie-the-Pooh'' by A A Milne published ||First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough). || | ||
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|1927|| || || ||First vaccine for tetanus|| | |1927|| || || ||First vaccine for tetanus|| | ||
|-valign="top"'' | |-valign="top"'' | ||
− | |1928|| || ||''House At Pooh Corner'' by A A Milne published ||Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin|| | + | |1928|| ||[http://www.answers.com/topic/representation-of-the-people-acts Representation of the People Act]||''House At Pooh Corner'' by A A Milne published ||Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1929|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald | + | |1929|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald (Labour) ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 The Wall Street Crash] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression Start of the Great Depression] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1930|| || ||Princess Margaret Rose born ||Jacob Schlick's electric razor introduced || Discovery of the planet Pluto | |1930|| || ||Princess Margaret Rose born ||Jacob Schlick's electric razor introduced || Discovery of the planet Pluto | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1931|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald | + | |1931|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald (National Labour - National Government) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1932|| || ||BBC World Service begins || || | |1932|| || ||BBC World Service begins || || | ||
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|1933 to 1945|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/index.htm Adolf Hitler, Chancellor and Head of state of Germany(Dictator)] || || || | |1933 to 1945|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/index.htm Adolf Hitler, Chancellor and Head of state of Germany(Dictator)] || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1935|| ||Stanley Baldwin | + | |1935|| ||Stanley Baldwin (Conservative - National Government) ||[http://www.britannia-driving-school.co.uk/cpages.php?pageName=history_of_driving_test Driving test introduced] ||Bra cup sizes introduced in USA || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1936||Edward VIII January to December|| |Death of George V ||First vaccine for yellow fever||||Olympic Games Berlin Germany | |1936||Edward VIII January to December|| |Death of George V ||First vaccine for yellow fever||||Olympic Games Berlin Germany | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1936||George VI | + | |1936||George VI (Windsor)|| ||Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary||World's first television service launched in Britain || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1937|| ||Neville Chamberlain | + | |1937|| ||Neville Chamberlain (Conservative - National Government) || ||First vaccine for typhus||Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1939 to 1945|| ||[[World War Two]] || || || | + | |1939 to 1945|| ||[[World War Two]] || ||Dupont begin producing nylon || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1940|| || Winston Churchill | + | |1940|| || Winston Churchill (Conservative - Coalition Government) || ||Radar developed by British scientists || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1941|| || || || || | |1941|| || || || || | ||
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|1942|| || || || || | |1942|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1943|| || || || || | + | |1943|| || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer Colossus, the first programmable computer, operational at Bletchley Park] || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1944|| || || || || | |1944|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1945|| || || || || | + | |1945|| || || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1945|| || Clement Attlee | + | |1945|| || Clement Attlee (Labour)|| ||First vaccine for influenza|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1947|| || ||Notably severe winter in UK || ||India and Pakistan granted independence | |1947|| || ||Notably severe winter in UK || ||India and Pakistan granted independence | ||
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|1950|| || || || John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker|| | |1950|| || || || John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker|| | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1951|| || Winston Churchill | + | |1951|| || Winston Churchill (Conservative) |||| || [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/exhibits/festival/index.htm Festival of Britain] |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1952||Elizabeth II|| USA tests the first hydrogen bomb|| || Jonas Salk invented polio vaccine|| | |1952||Elizabeth II|| USA tests the first hydrogen bomb|| || Jonas Salk invented polio vaccine|| | ||
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|1953|| || || ||Paracetamol first marketed || | |1953|| || || ||Paracetamol first marketed || | ||
|-valign="top | |-valign="top | ||
− | |1954|| || ||Rationing finally ends || || | + | |1954|| || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_3818000/3818563.stm Rationing finally ends] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1955|| ||Sir Anthony Eden | + | |1955|| ||Sir Anthony Eden (Conservative) || ||Contraceptive pill invented by Gregor Pincus || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1956|| || || || || | + | |1956|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis Suez Crisis] || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1957|| ||Harold Macmillan | + | |1957|| ||Harold Macmillan (Conservative) || || [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/4/newsid_2685000/2685115.stm First space satellite launched]|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1958|| || || || || | |1958|| || || || || | ||
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|1959|| || || || || | |1959|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1960|| || || || || | + | |1960|| || || || || Cyprus gains independence from UK |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1961|| || || || ||Creation of Berlin Wall | + | |1961|| || || ||First manned space flight by Yuri Gagarin ||Creation of Berlin Wall |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1962|| || || || First oral polio vaccine (as an alternative to the injected vaccine)|| U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid. | |1962|| || || || First oral polio vaccine (as an alternative to the injected vaccine)|| U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid. | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1963|| ||Sir Alec Douglas-Home | + | |1963|| ||Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Conservative) ||[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/anniversary/winter1962-63.html Very severe winter]|| || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1963|| ||Assassination of President John F Kennedy in the USA|| || || | |1963|| ||Assassination of President John F Kennedy in the USA|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1964|| ||Harold Wilson | + | |1964|| ||Harold Wilson (Labour) || ||First vaccine for measles|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1965|| || || || || U.S. Congress passes law requiring label on cigarette packages: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking may be Hazardous to your Health." | |1965|| || || || || U.S. Congress passes law requiring label on cigarette packages: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking may be Hazardous to your Health." | ||
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|1967|| || || || First vaccine for mumps. || South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant. | |1967|| || || || First vaccine for mumps. || South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant. | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1968|| ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/155500.stm USSR invades Czechoslovakia]|| || || | + | |1968|| ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/155500.stm USSR invades Czechoslovakia]|| || ||Martin Luther King assassinated |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1969|| || || || || Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon | |1969|| || || || || Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon | ||
− | |-valign="top" | + | |-valign="top"aa |
− | |1970|| || Edward Heath | + | |1970|| || Edward Heath (Conservative) || ||First vaccine for rubella. || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1971|| || || || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_2543000/2543665.stm Introduction of decimal currency] | |1971|| || || || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_2543000/2543665.stm Introduction of decimal currency] | ||
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|1973|| || || ||CAT scan invented by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack || | |1973|| || || ||CAT scan invented by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1974|| ||Harold Wilson | + | |1974|| ||Harold Wilson (Labour) || ||First vaccine for chicken pox.|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1974|| || || || || | |1974|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1976|| ||James Callaghan | + | |1976|| ||James Callaghan (Labour) || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1977|| || || || First vaccine for pneumonia || | |1977|| || || || First vaccine for pneumonia || | ||
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|1978|| || || ||First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. || | |1978|| || || ||First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1979|| ||Margaret Thatcher | + | |1979|| ||Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) || || ultrasound scan invented by Ian Donald || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1980|| || || || ||W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated. | |1980|| || || || ||W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated. | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1981|| || || ||First vaccine for hepatitis B. || | + | |1981|| || || ||First vaccine for hepatitis B. IBM Personal Computer released|| |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1982|| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War Falklands War]|| || || | |1982|| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War Falklands War]|| || || | ||
Line 1,504: | Line 1,539: | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1990|| ||Nelson Mandela released from prison || || ||Reunification of Germany | |1990|| ||Nelson Mandela released from prison || || ||Reunification of Germany | ||
+ | |-valign="top" | ||
+ | |1990|| ||John Major (Conservative)|| || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1991|| ||Break-up of Soviet Union || || || | |1991|| ||Break-up of Soviet Union || || || | ||
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|1995|| || || || || | |1995|| || || || || | ||
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1996|| || || || || | + | |1996|| || ||[http://www.britannia-driving-school.co.uk/cpages.php?pageName=history_of_driving_test Written theory section of driving test introduced] || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
− | |1997|| || || || || | + | |1997|| ||Tony Blair (Labour) || || || || |
|-valign="top" | |-valign="top" | ||
|1998|| || || || || | |1998|| || || || || | ||
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− | It will sometimes be necessary to make a value judgement into which column something will fit. If that column is already "full", then another row | + | It will sometimes be necessary to make a value judgement into which column something will fit. If that column is already "full", then another row should be added. |
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− | If there is a relevant page elsewhere in The | + | If there is a relevant page elsewhere in The Reference Library, please use an internal link. |
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<nowiki>| DATE || MONARCH || type in here || type in here || type in here || type in here</nowiki> | <nowiki>| DATE || MONARCH || type in here || type in here || type in here || type in here</nowiki> | ||
+ | |||
===='''Adding a new row'''==== | ===='''Adding a new row'''==== | ||
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[[image:timeline4.jpg]] <nowiki>[[Records Office Guide|Civil Registration introduced]]</nowiki> | [[image:timeline4.jpg]] <nowiki>[[Records Office Guide|Civil Registration introduced]]</nowiki> | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | Alternatively, members can post a thread in the <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/wiki-community-board/ '''Wiki Community Board''']</span>, using the '''Timeline''' prefix, and someone will upload the details on your behalf. | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:09, 7 September 2022
Eleventh Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000 | Sweyn | The Mark unit of currency | West Saxon, Mercian and Danish Law governs England | ||
1002 | Ethelred's massacre of the Danes | ||||
1014 | Ethelred II The Unready | ||||
1016 | The Danish Viking Canute (Cnut) son of Sweyn has victory at Ashington | ||||
1020 | |||||
1028 | |||||
1031 | Canute's Scotland campaigns | ||||
1040 | |||||
1042 | Edward The Confessor | Edward's Court of Normandy | French & Latin courtly languages | ||
1050 | Westminster Abbey founded, building began | ||||
1065 | Harold II the last Saxon | Edward dies 5 Jan Witan declare Harold king on 6 Jan | |||
1066 | William I of Normandy The Conqueror 25 Dec | Battle of Hastings | Bayeux Tapestry attributed to Matilda of Flanders, William I's wife or to Bishop Odo | The Norman Conquest | |
1072 | Building of Durham Castle commenced | ||||
1075 | Uprisings of Hereford, Norfolk and Northumberland quashed | ||||
1077 | First Cluniac House at Lewes (Benedictine Order) | ||||
1079 | Building of Winchester Cathedral commenced | ||||
1083 | Ely Cathedral commenced on former nunnery site | ||||
1086 | Domesday book completed | Henry, Holy Roman Emperor & German King born (last Salian dynasty) | |||
1087 | William II 26 Sep | Introduction of Feudalism | Normanization of England | ||
1090 | |||||
1093 | greatest scholar is Anselm of Beck | ||||
1095 | First Crusade | ||||
1096 | William Rufus embarks on First Crusade | ||||
1097 | Stephen born Blois France | ||||
1099 | Ranierus becomes Pope Paschal II - fosters the First Crusade | ||||
1100 | Henry I 5th Aug | William Rufus killed while hunting | Building of Durham Cathedral commenced |
Twelfth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1105 | Ronando Bandinelli born (becomes Pope Alexander II) | ||||
1119 | Foundation of the Knights Templar | Pope Calixtus II | |||
1122 | Pope Calixtus II - Concordant of Worms | ||||
1123 | St Bartholomew's Hospital, London founded by Rahere | David I becomes King of Scotland | |||
1129 | Cistercians (Order of St. Bernard) arrive from Cheaux France | ||||
1132 | |||||
1135 | Stephen of Blois 25 Dec | ||||
1141 | Matilda (Maud) | Civil War | |||
1147 | Second Crusade | ||||
1150 | Pope Alexander II named as cardinal | ||||
1154 | Henry II Plantagenet 19 Dec | ||||
1162 | Thomas Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury | Fredrick I forced into exile by Pope Alexander II | |||
1163 | Building of Notre Dame in Paris begins | ||||
1164 | Constitution of Clarendon | ||||
1166 | Assize (possessory) of Clarendon | ||||
1170 | Henry the Young King | crowned by Archbishop of York | |||
1172 | Thomas Becket murdered at Canterbury Cathedral | ||||
1176 | Assize (possessory) of Northampton | ||||
1179 | Third Laterin Council by Pope Alexander III | ||||
1189 | Richard I 3rd Sep | Third Crusade | |||
1199 | John 27 May |
Thirteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1204 | Fourth Crusade | ||||
1215 | Signing of Magna Carta | Fourth Laterin Council
Pope Innocent III | |||
1216 | Henry III 28 Oct | Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 | |||
1217 | Treaty of Lambeth | ||||
1218 | Fifth Crusade | ||||
1219 | Death of William the Marshal | ||||
1222 | Hugh de Burgh supresses an insurrection at Oxford | ||||
1223 | |||||
1224 | |||||
1227 | Henry takes full control of government of England. Hug de Burgh retained as principal adviser. | ||||
1228 | |||||
1230 | |||||
1232 | Peter de Riveaux appointed Treasurer of England | ||||
1236 | Henry marries Eleanor of Provence | ||||
1238 | Simon de Monfort marries Henry's sister, Eleanor | ||||
1258 | De Monfort leads the English barons to rebel | ||||
1258 | Henry signs the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
1261 | Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
1262 | |||||
1263 | |||||
1264 | Battle of Lewes | ||||
1265 | Battle of Evesham | The poet, writer and philospher Dante born in Florence Italy | |||
1268 | |||||
1270 | Seventh Crusade | ||||
1272 | Edward I 20 Nov | ||||
1277 | English conquest of Wales begins | ||||
1278 | |||||
1279 | |||||
1280 | |||||
1282 | |||||
1288 | |||||
1290 | Death of Eleanor of Castile | Jews expelled from England | |||
1299 | Edward marries Margaret of France | Ottoman Empire begins |
Fourteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1300 | |||||
1301 | |||||
1302 | |||||
1303 | |||||
1304 | |||||
1305 | |||||
1306 | |||||
1307 | Edward II 8th July | ||||
1308 | Dante wrote The Divine Comedy between 1308 and 1321 | ||||
1309 | Papacy moves to Avignon | ||||
1310 | |||||
1314 | Battle of Bannockburn | ||||
1315-17 | Great Famine in Europe | ||||
1319 | Battle of Mytton: Scots defeat English | ||||
1322 | Battle of Boroughbridge: crown defeats rebels | ||||
1323 | Truce between Robert Bruce and Edward II but warfare continues | ||||
1325 | |||||
1327 | Edward III 25 Jan | First manuscript reference to a cannon | Death of Robert Bruce | ||
1333 | Battle of Halidon Hill | ||||
1336 | First reference to a mounted gun aboard ship | ||||
1337 | Guillaume de Machaut becomes canon at Rheims; composes "Messe de Notre Dame" during tenure | ||||
1338 | Start of 100 Years War | ||||
1342 | |||||
1346 | Battle of Crecy | ||||
1346 | Battle Of Neville's Cross | ||||
1348 | Black Death reaches Europe | A third or more of the population died as a result of the Black Death | |||
1356 | Battle of Poitiers | ||||
1377 | Richard II 22 June | Papacy returns to Rome
Guillaume de Machaut dies | |||
1380 | Chaucer begins The Legend of Good Women | ||||
1381 | The Peasants' Revolt | ||||
1382 | Chaucer's: The Parlement of Foules first use of rhyme royal in English Literature | ||||
1385 | Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde | ||||
1387 | Chaucer begins Canterbury Tales | ||||
1388 | Battle of Otterburn | ||||
1399 | Henry IV 30 Sep | ||||
1400 | Owen Glendower revolts in Wales | Chaucer dies, London, 25 Oct |
Fifteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1413 | Henry V 21 March | ||||
1415 | Battle of Agincourt | ||||
1422 | Henry VI 1st Sep | ||||
1440 | Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded | ||||
1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | ||||
1454 | Johannes Gutenberg uses movable type commercially | ||||
1455 | Start of the Wars of the Roses | ||||
1455 | First Battle of St Albans | Johannes Gutenberg prints 42 Line Bible in Catholic Mainz, Germany | |||
1456 | |||||
1461 | Edward IV 4th Mar | ||||
1470 | Henry VI | ||||
1471 | Edward IV | Battle of Barnet | |||
1476 | Caxton sets up first English printing press | ||||
1477 | William Caxton (first English Printer) produces Book of Curtesye & Rhymes for the Goodly Chylde | ||||
1483 | Edward V 9th April | ||||
1483 | Richard III 26 June | ||||
1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field | Richard III dies in battle | |||
1485 | Henry VII Tudor 22 Aug | ||||
1486 | Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster | ||||
1487 | |||||
1488 | |||||
1489 | |||||
1490 | |||||
1491 | Perkin Warbeck claims to be Richard, Duke of York | ||||
1492 | Christopher Columbus discovers America | ||||
1493 | |||||
1494 | |||||
1495 | First dry dock built at Portsmouth | ||||
1496 | First English blast furnace built in the Weald | ||||
1498 | Toothbrush invented in China | ||||
1499 | Perkin Warbeck hanged | Amergo Vespucci (Italian) explores and describes American coast |
Sixteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1502 | Death of Prince Arthur, heir to the throne | ||||
1503 | Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry's wife | ||||
1505 | |||||
1506 | |||||
1507 | |||||
1508 | |||||
1509 | Henry VIII 22 April | Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon | |||
1510 | |||||
1511 | |||||
1512 | |||||
1513 | Battle of Flodden Field | ||||
1514 | |||||
1515 | Birth of Mary I | ||||
1528 | |||||
1529 | Cardinal Wolsey accused of high treason | ||||
1530 | |||||
1531 | |||||
1532 | Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship | ||||
1533 | Henry marries Ann Boleyn and is excommunicated by the Pope | Birth of Elizabeth I | |||
1534 | Act of Supremacy passed | ||||
1535 | |||||
1536 | Execution of Anne Boleyn | Act of Union between Wales and England | |||
1537 | Jane Seymour dies | ||||
1538 | Parish Registers started | ||||
1539 | |||||
1540 | |||||
1541 | |||||
1542 | |||||
1543 | Robert Record writes The Ground of Arts, the first ever English mathematics textbook | Six Books of Copernicus: The Revolutions (laws) of the Heavenly Orbs published in the year of his death | |||
1544 | |||||
1545 | |||||
1546 | First civil divorce in England | ||||
1547 | Edward VI 28 Jan | ||||
1548 | |||||
1549 | First Act of Uniformity passed, making Roman Catholic mass illegal | The First Book of Common Prayer issued | |||
1550 | |||||
1551 | |||||
1552 | |||||
1553 | Jane 6th July | ||||
1553 | Mary I 19 July | ||||
1554 | Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain 25 July | Execution of Lady Jane Grey | |||
1555 | |||||
1557 | The Stationers Company controls English book publication | ||||
1558 | Elizabeth I 17 Nov | ||||
1559 | Second Act of Supremacy | ||||
1560 | |||||
1561 | |||||
1562 | Sumptuary law restricts hose, ruffs and swords | ||||
1563 to 1564 | Bubonic Plague in London | ||||
1564 | William Shakespeare baptised 26 April in Statford-upon-Avon Warwickshire | Galileo born | |||
1565 | |||||
1568 | Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth | ||||
1571 | |||||
1575 | |||||
1577 | Francis Drake circumnavigates the worldto 1580 | ||||
1578 | |||||
1579 | |||||
1580 | |||||
1585 | Roanoke (North America) first Englsih colony founded by Sir Thomas Raleigh | ||||
1586 | Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial | Famine in England - gave rise to Poor Law system | |||
1587 | Execution of Mary Queen of Scots | ||||
1588 | Spanish Armada | ||||
1589 | William Byrd Elizabethan Composer creates Cantione Sacrae | Stocking Frame invented by William Lee | |||
1590 | First part of Edmund Spenser's The Fairie Queen published | ||||
1597 | Tagliacozzi publishes his plastic surgery techiques | ||||
1598 | Bishops' Transcripts introduced | ||||
1599 | Richard Burbage, William Shakespeare & others build the Globe Theatre in London | ||||
1600 | Heels on shoes became common in Europe | East India Company founded |
Seventeenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1601 | Poor Law Act Relief granted to paupers only in their parish of legal settlement | Orphans and paupers' children become apprentices (see Poor Law Act) | |||
1602 | |||||
1603 | James I Stuart 24 March | ||||
1604 | |||||
1605 | Gunpowder Plot | William Byrd Elizabethan composer creates Gradualia | |||
1606 | |||||
1607 | Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers | Tidal wave and flood in Bristol Channel kills 2000 people | Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA | ||
1608 | John Milton (poet) born | Quebec city founded | |||
1609 | Johannes Kepler publishes Astromia Nova, Kepler's first two Laws of Planetary Motion | ||||
1609 | Galileo looks at the sky with a telescope | ||||
1610 | Authorized Version of Bible | ||||
1611 | |||||
1612 | Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid | 10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft | |||
1613 | Globe Theatre London burns down | ||||
1614 | Globe Theatre rebuilt by June | John Napier publishes book of logarithms | New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam) | ||
1615 | |||||
1616 | Shakespeare dies 23 April at Statford-upon-Avon | ||||
1617 | Napier's bones, a calculating tool, invented | ||||
1618 | |||||
1619 | Francis Bacon made Lord Chancellor | Kepler publishes Harmonices Mundi, his Third Law of Planetary Motion | |||
1620 | Francis Bacon publishes Novum Organum | Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England | |||
1621 | |||||
1622 | |||||
1623 | |||||
1624 | Fire destroys much of Dunfermline | ||||
1625 | Charles I 27 March | ||||
1626 | |||||
1627 | England goes to war with France | ||||
1628 | William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals | ||||
1629 | 11 years rule without Parliament commences | ||||
1630 | |||||
1631 | |||||
1632 | |||||
1633 | Milton's On the Morning of Christ's Nativity first poem in English | ||||
1634 | First writs for Ship Money issued | Smallpox epidemic | |||
1635 | Smallpox epidemic | 18th Sept Emperor Ferdinand II declares War on France | |||
1636 | |||||
1637 | John Hampden tried for non-payment of Ship Money | New Prayer Book introduced in Scotland | |||
1638 | |||||
1639 | First Bishops War against Scots | ||||
1640 | Second Bishops war Battle of Newburn Ford | Most of Gentry and Merchant classes literate | |||
1641 | Star Chamber and Court of High Commission abolished | Protestation Returns required by Parliament | |||
1641 | Irish Rebellion | ||||
1642 to 1651 | English Civil Wars | ||||
1642 | Royalists victory at Powick Bridge 23 Sep | Theatre banned (until 1660) | Birth of Isaac Newton | ||
1642 | Royalist advantage after Battle of Edgehill 23 Oct | ||||
1643 | Crown controls Cornwall after Battle of Braddock Down 19 Jan | ||||
1643 | Battle of Hopton Heath 16 Mar | ||||
1643 | Battle of Stratton 16 May | ||||
1643 | Battle of Chalgrove 17 Jun | ||||
1643 | Battle of Adwalton Manor 30 Jun | ||||
1643 | Battle of Roundway Down 13 Jul | ||||
1643 | Battle of Newbury 20 Sep | ||||
1643 | Parliament win Battle of Winceby 11 Oct | ||||
1644 | Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan | ||||
1644 | Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar | Globe Theatre destroyed by Puritans | |||
1644 | Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June | ||||
1644 | Battle of Marston Moor 2 July | Parliament bans Christmas (lasts until Restoration) | |||
1645 | |||||
1646 | |||||
1647 | George Fox's spiritual revelation that leads to founding Quakers | ||||
1648 | Frondes civil wars in France | ||||
January 1649 | Regicide of Charles I | England declared a republic | |||
1649 to 1660 | Interregnum | Possible gaps in Parish records | |||
1649 | Irish royalists defeated at Wexford and the Siege of Drogheda | ||||
1650 | Scots royalists defeated at Dunbar | First coffee-house opened in England | Cape Town founded | ||
1651 | Scots royalists defeated at Worcester | Charles II flees into exile | |||
1652 to 1654 | First Dutch War | ||||
1652 | Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House | ||||
1653 | Oliver Cromwell | Great fire of Malborough | |||
1654 | |||||
1655 | Parliament dismissed. Country divided into 11 districts, each with a Major-General | Jamaica captured from the Spanish | |||
1656 | |||||
1657 | Milton's Paradise Lost published | ||||
1658 | Richard Cromwell | Oliver Cromwell dies | |||
1659 | |||||
1660 | Charles II | Royal Society formed | Samuel Pepys begins diary | ||
1661 | The Corporation Act | Malpighi discovers capillaries | |||
1662 | Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement) | The parish responsible for the relief of the poor | |||
1662 | Act of Uniformity | Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza | Book of Common Prayer (the current traditional C of E prayer book) | ||
1662 | The Quaker Act | ||||
1662 to 1689 | Hearth Tax in England | ||||
1663 | Mens' wigs become fashionable | ||||
1664 | Conventicle Act | ||||
1665-67 | 2nd Dutch War | The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published The Convertide Act The Five Mile Act | |||
1665 | Five Mile Act | Great Plague | |||
1666 | Great Fire of London | Isaac Newton's annus mirabilis | |||
1666 | The Oxford Gazette becomes the London Gazette | ||||
1667 | John Milton writes Paradise Lost | ||||
1668 | Newton invents reflecting telescope | Bombay granted to East India Company | |||
1669 | Christopher Wren appointed Surveyor General | ||||
1670 | Secret Treaty of Dover | Milton's The History of Britain | |||
1671 | |||||
1672-74 | 3rd Dutch War | ||||
1673 | Test Act | ||||
1674 | John Milton (poet) dies | ||||
1675 | John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal | Royal Observatory established at Greenwich | |||
1676 | Great Fire of Southwark | St Paul's Cathedral begun by Sir Christopher Wren | |||
1677 | Act for burying in Woollen | ||||
1678 | Popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates | Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan | |||
1679 | Habeas Corpus Act | ||||
1680 | William Dockwra establishes the penny post | Anton van Leeuwenhoek refines the microscope and Royal Society accept his observations on single cell organisms | |||
1681 | Charles II offered sanctuary to the Huguenots | ||||
1682 | Pennsylvania founded | ||||
1683 | |||||
1684 | |||||
1685 | James II 6th Feb | Battle of Sedgmoor | Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England | Johann Sebastian Bach born
Georg Friedrich Handel born Halle Germany | |
1687 | Newton publishes Principia | ||||
1688 | The Glorious Revolution | ||||
1689 | William III Prince of Orange and Mary II 13 Feb | Battle of Killiecrankie | Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters | ||
1690 | First bicycle appears in France - the celerifere | ||||
1692 | Glencoe Massacre | Salem witch trials in Massachusetts | |||
1693 | National Debt founded | Land tax first introduced | |||
1694 | Death of Mary II; William III rules alone 28 Dec | Foundation of the Bank of England | |||
1695 | Press licensing abandoned in England (freedom of the press) | ||||
1696 | Window Tax introduced | ||||
1697 | St Paul's Cathedral opened | ||||
1698 | Sir Isacc Newton calculates the speed of sound | ||||
1699 | |||||
1700 |
Eighteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1701 | Act of Settlement | Jethro Tull invents the seed drill | |||
1702 | Anne 08 March | War of Spanish Succession starts | The Daily Courant published - first daily newspaper | ||
1703 | The Great Storm of 1703 | ||||
1704 | Battle of Blenheim | ||||
1705 | The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona | Newcomen invents first practical steam engine | |||
1706 | Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles | ||||
1707 | Act of Union | ||||
1708 | Capture of Minorca | Prince George of Denmark, Anne's husband, dies | |||
1709 | First piano built by Bartolommeo Cristofori in Florence | ||||
1710 | |||||
1711 | |||||
1712 | |||||
1713 | The Treaty of Utrecht | ||||
1714 | George I Elector of Hannover 01 August | End of the War of Spanish Succession | Mercury thermometer invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit | ||
1715 | Jacobite Rebellion defeated | ||||
1716 | The Septennial Act (General Elections to be held every 7 years) | ||||
1717 | |||||
1718 | Thomas Lombe's silk spinning patent | ||||
1719 | Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe published | ||||
1720 | South Sea Bubble burst | ||||
1721 | Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister (Whig) | ||||
1722 | Daniel Defoe 's A Journal of the Plague Year & Colonial Jack published | ||||
1723 | |||||
1726 | Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift published | Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I | |||
1727 | George II 11 June | Death of Sir Isaac Newton | |||
1733 | Kay's flying shuttle | ||||
1736 | Witchcraft finally abolished as a crime | ||||
1737 | Death of Queen Caroline | ||||
1738 | Methodism begins | ||||
1739 | War of Jenkins Ear | ||||
1740 | War of the Austrian Succession | ||||
1742 | Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (Whig) | Henry Fielding publishes Joseph Andrews | Sheffield flatware (cutlery) developed by Thomas Boulsover | ||
1743 | Henry Pelham (Whig) | ||||
1744 | John Newbery first to publish Children's Literature A Pretty Pocket Book | ||||
1745 | 2nd Jacobite rebellion | ||||
1746 | Battle of Culloden | ||||
1747 | James Lind, a Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy | ||||
1748 | Tobias George Smollet publishes The Adventures of Roderick Random | ||||
1149 | Fielding publishes Tom Jones Samuel Johnson published poem A Vanity of Human Wishes | ||||
1750 | London earth tremors cause panic Samuel Johnson produces The Rambler essays (1750-52) | ||||
1751 | Fielding publishes Amelia Tobias Smollet publishes The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle | ' | |||
1752 | Gregorian calendar introduced | ||||
1753 | Foundation of the British Museum | Marriage Act | |||
1754 | Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) | ||||
1755 | War with France | Samuel Johnson published The Dictionary (English) | |||
1756 | William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire (Whig) | Marine Society founded | |||
1756 to 1763 | Seven Years' War | ||||
1755 | Black Hole of Calcutta | ||||
1757 | Battle of Plassey | William Blake born | |||
1758 | Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) | ||||
1759 | Georg Friedrich Handel dies | ||||
1760 | George III 25 Oct | ||||
1762 | John Stuart, Earl of Bute (Tory) | Oliver Goldsmith's essay The Citizen of the World or Letters from a Chinese Philospher published | |||
1763 | George Grenville (Whig) | August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest | |||
1764 | Oliver Goldsmith publishes The Travellor | ||||
1765 | Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig) | John Newbery prints A history of Goody Two Shoes; Mother Goose's Melody | |||
1766 | William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham (Whig) | The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith published | |||
1767 | Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton (Whig) | ||||
1768 | Royal Academy of Arts founded | Spinning jenny | |||
1770 | Frederick North, Lord North (Tory) | Cook charts New South Wales
Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn | |||
1773 | Boston Tea Party | Oliver Goldsmith's play She Stoops to Conquer appears | |||
1774 | Discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley | ||||
1775 | American War of Independence | John Harrisson's chronometer finally given prize by Parliament | James Watt develops improved steam engine | ||
1776 | Bridgewater canal completed | American Declaration of Independence | |||
1778 | First iron bridge built | ||||
1778 | Bramah's flushing watercloset patented | ||||
1779 to 1783 | Siege of Gibraltar | ||||
1779 | Crompton's Mule | ||||
1780 | 4th Anglo-Dutch war | Gordon Riots in London | |||
1781 | |||||
1782 | Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig) | ||||
1782 | William FitzMaurice, Earl of Shelburne (Whig) | ||||
1783 | William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory) | Britain recognises U.S. independence | |||
1783 | William Pitt the Younger (Tory) | ||||
1784 | William Blake opens own print shop; | Blake invents relief etching as a print/publishing form | |||
1785 | Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England | Cartwright's Power Loom | |||
1786 | Beginning of gas lighting | ||||
1787 | The Constitution (United States of America) declared | ||||
1788 | Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) dies in Rome | ||||
1788 | Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet in Sydney Cove | ||||
1789 | French Revolution | ||||
1791 | Publication of The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine | The Board of Ordnance started mapping southern Britain | |||
1793 | War with France | Joseph Preistley discovered nitrous oxide (laughing gas) | |||
1794 | William Blake writes and prints Songs of Innocence and Experience | ||||
1796 to 1808 | Anglo-Spanish War | ||||
1796 | Grand Junction (Union) Canal opens | ||||
1796 | Jenner develops smallpox vaccine | ||||
1798 | Nelson wins Battle of the Nile | Beethoven writes Pathetique | Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada | ||
1800 | Sir Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide | Census Act |
Nineteenth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1801 | Regents Canal opens | Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians) | |||
1801 | Henry Addington (Tory) | Earl of Mansfield's monument completed by John Flaxman | First Ordnance Survey map published, the 1 inch map of Kent | ||
1802 | John Flaxman illustrates Dantes' The Divine Comedy | ||||
1804 | William Pitt the Younger (Tory) | World's first steam-hauled railway journey at Merthyr Tydfil,Wales | |||
1805 | Battle of Trafalgar | ||||
1806 | William Grenville, Lord Grenville (Whig) | State funeral of Lord Nelson | Birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel | ||
1807 | Abolition of Slavery Act | ||||
1807 | William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory) | ||||
1808 to 1814 | Peninsular War | ||||
1809 | Spencer Perceval (Tory) | First 'free' settlers to NSW | |||
1810 | First curry house opens in England | ||||
1811 | Prince George appointed Regent when his father's health deteriorates (porphyria) | Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility published | Census 27th May (of limited use to family historians) | ||
1812-15 | Anglo-American War | ||||
1812 | Spencer Perceval PM assassinated | First commercial European paddle steamer | Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes | ||
1812 | Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (Tory) | ||||
1813 | Publication of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen | ||||
1814 | Publication of Mansfield Park by Jane Austen | ||||
1815 | Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo | Emma by Jane Ausen published | Leeds Liverpool canal completed | ||
1816 | Davy lamp improves mining safety | Year without a summer following volcanic eruption | |||
1816 | René Laënnec invents the stethoscope | ||||
1816 | The draisine (bicycle) appears in Germany | ||||
1817 | Jane Austen's Persuasion and Northanger Abbey published postumously | ||||
1818 | Nelson's monument completed by John Flaxman | James Blundell, British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion | Death of Queen Charlotte | ||
1818 | Curride (bicycle) appears in England (known as the hobbyhorse) | ||||
1819 | Peterloo Massacre | Jacques Offenbach French Composer born | |||
1820 | George IV 29 Jan | Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy | |||
1821 | Census May 28th (of limited value to family historians) | ||||
1822 | Birth of Louis Pasteur | Caledonian Canal completed | |||
1823 | |||||
1824 | |||||
1825 | First railway, Stockton-Darlington | ||||
1826 | Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire | First steamship crosses Atlantic | |||
1827 | George Canning (Tory) | Endoscope invented by Pierre Segalas | |||
1827 | Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich (Tory) | Ludwig van Beethoven dies | |||
1828 | Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) | ||||
1829 | The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs | Metropolitan Police established | Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive | WA declared British possession | |
1830 | William IV 26 June | Charles Grey, Earl Grey (Whig ) | Liverpool & Midlands Railway opens | ||
1831 | Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians) | ||||
1831 to 1832 | First Cholera Epidemic | ||||
1832 | The Reform Bill of 1832 | ||||
1833 | Slavery Abolition Act | ||||
1834 | Poor Law Amendment Act | Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia | |||
1834 | William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) | ||||
1834 | Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) | ||||
1834 | Sir Robert Peel (Tory) | ||||
1835 | William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) | ||||
1836 | Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure | Charles Dickens serializes The Pickwick Papers | |||
1837 | Victoria 20 June | Electric Telegraph invented | Civil Registration introduced | ||
1837 | Alfred Bird invents custard powder | ||||
1838 | Chartism:The People's Petition | Daguerrotype photographical process | Public Record Office established | ||
1839 to 1842 | First Afghan War | ||||
1839 | Foundation of the anti-Corn Law League | Macmillan produces the self propelled hobbyhorse | |||
1840 | Charles Booth, Ship owner and Sociologist born | ||||
1840 | Uniform Penny Post introduced | Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | |||
1841 | Sir Robert Peel (Tory) | Thomas Cook travel company founded | London-Brighton railway completed | Census: 6th June | |
1842 | Income Tax Act | Income tax re-introduced | Invention of Kilner jar enables easier home preservation of fruit and vegetables | ||
1843 | Rebecca riots in Wales | ||||
1844 | Nitrous oxide first used as an anesthetic by Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist | ||||
1844 | Safety match invented in Sweden | ||||
1845 | Start of the Irish Potato Famine | RW Thompson (UK) patents the pneumatic tyre but no vehicles suitable to make it a commercial success! | Emigration from Ireland rises steeply | ||
1845 to 1872 | New Zealand Colonial Wars | ||||
1846 | Lord John Russell (Whig) Repeal of the Corn Laws | Dickens publishes Dombey and Son (1846-48) | Hans Christian Anderson's stories translated into English | ||
1847 | First use of chloroform in childbirth | Greenwich Mean Time adopted across mainland Great Britain | |||
1848 to 1849 | 2nd Cholera Epidemic | ||||
1848 | 1st Public Health Act | Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood | First aircraft to fly under its own power in Chard, Somerset | Influx of academic and middle class Europeans to London | |
1849 | Dickens releases David Copperfield | ||||
1850 | First Public Library Act | First convicts arrive in Perth 'Scindian' | |||
1851 | The Great Exhibition | Australian Gold Rush | Census: 30th March | ||
1852 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum) | |||
1852 | George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (Conservative) | Dickens releases Bleak House 1852-1853 | |||
1853 | 3rd Cholera Epidemic | ||||
1853 | Compulsory Vaccination Act | Jacques Offenbach composes and performs Pepito | Alexander Wood invents hypodermic syringe | ||
1854 to 1856 | The Crimean War | Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War | |||
1854 | Broad Street cholera outbreak | John Snow discovers cause of cholera | |||
1854 | Dickens publishes Hard Times | ||||
1855 | Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) | Dickens releases Little Dorrit | Civil Registration introduced in Scotland | ||
1856 | Crinoline becomes popular | Synthetic dyes invented | |||
1856 | Cage crinoline invented | Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production | |||
1856 | First commercial production of condensed milk | ||||
1857 | The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum) | Matrimonial Causes Act | |||
1858 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | ||||
1858 | Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) | Secular Court of Probate created | |||
1858 | Jews permitted to become MPs | ||||
1859 | Louis Pasteur paper published suggesting that microorganisms may cause many human and animal diseases | Charles Darwin’s On The Origin Of Species published | |||
1860 | |||||
1861 | Death of Prince Albert from typhoid | Census: 7th April | |||
1861 to 1865 | American Civil War | Lancashire Cotton Famine | |||
1862 | |||||
1863 | Formation of Football Association | First underground railway opens in London | |||
1864 | First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol | Dickens serializes Our Mutual Friend until 1865 | |||
1864 | First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol | ||||
1865 to 1866 | 4th Cholera Epidemic | ||||
1865 | Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act' | Great Cattle Plague to 1857 | |||
1865 | John Russell, Earl Russell (Liberal) | Lewis Carrol (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) published Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | |||
1866 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | ||||
1867 | Second Reform Act - number of voters doubled | Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery | Suez canal opens. First commercially successful typewriter invented | ||
1868 | Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) | Lousia Alcott's Little Women published | Last convicts transported to Western Australia | ||
1868 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Jacques Offenbach composes Orpheus of the Underworld | Margarine invented in France by Hippolyte Mege-Mouriez | ||
1870 | Education Act makes primary education compulsory | First Barnardo's Home opens | |||
1870 | Charles Dickens dies and The Mystery of Edwin Drood published postumously | Germ theory of disease established by Robert Kock and Louis Pasteur | |||
1871 | Trade Unions legalized | Lewis Carroll's Through The Looking Glass and what Alice Found There published | James Starling invents pennyfarthing bicycle ("highwheeler") | Census: 2nd April | |
1871 | Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, entrepreneur and philanthropist born | ||||
1872 | 2nd Public Health Act introduced | Compulsory vaccination against smallpox introduced | |||
1873 | |||||
1874 | Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) | Bustles begin to be fashionable | |||
1875 | 3rd and 4th Public Health Act introduced and were compulsory | First electric dental drill patented by George Green | |||
1876 | New Central Committee of Nation Society for Women's Suffrage founded Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer published | Both Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell file patents for the telephone | |||
1877 | First Lawn Tennis Championship at Wimbledon | Edison invents phonograph | |||
1878 | Joseph Swan invents and patents the electric light bulb | ||||
1878 to 1880 | Second Afghan War | ||||
1879 | Zulu War | First vaccine for Cholera introduced | |||
1880 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Jacques Offenbach composes The Tales of Hoffman | |||
1880 to 1881 | First Boer War | Death of Jacques Offenbach | |||
1881 | Some women granted the vote in the Isle of Man | First vaccine for anthrax introduced | Census: 3rd April | ||
1883 | Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island published | First electric railway opens in Brighton | 20 May eruption of Krakatoa Cholera Epidemic in India | ||
1884 | Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published | ||||
1885 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verse published | Modern style chain driven bicycle invented Benz builds first motor car | ||
1886 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Coca Cola invented in USA by Dr John Stith Pemberton | |||
1886 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | R L Stevenson's Kidnapped Published | |||
1887 | Adolf Frick invents contact lenses | Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee | |||
1888 | Oscar Wilde's The Happy Prince and Other Tales published | ||||
1890 | Antitoxins discovered by Emil von Behring who used them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines | ||||
1891 | Census: 5th April | ||||
1892 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | ||||
1893 | First Matabele War | Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph | |||
1894 | Earl of Rosebery (Liberal) | ||||
1895 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | Rontgen discovers X rays | |||
1896 | Second Matabele War | First vaccine for typhoid fever | |||
1897 | First vaccine for plague | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee | |||
1898 | Marie Curie (1867-1934) discovers radioactive substances | ||||
1899 | Women gain the right to vote in Western Australia | Museum of South Kensington becomes the Victoria and Albert Museum | Bayer begin marketing Aspirin |
Twentieth Century
YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit published | |||||
1901 | Queen Victoria died 22nd Jan | Satori Kato invents powdered instant coffee | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research opens in New York City | |||
1901 | Edward VII | The existence of different human blood types discovered by Karl Landsteiner | Australia granted dominion status | |||
1901 | Census 1st April | |||||
1902 | Arthur Balfour (Conservative) | Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Gloucester published | Marmite first produced in Burton on Trent | Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty, first signed on 30th January | ||
1903 | Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first manned flight | |||||
1903 | Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiograph, King Camp Gillette invents the safety razor | |||||
1905 | Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) | |||||
1906 | Diagnostic test for syphilis introduced by German researcher August von Wasserman. | San Francisco earthquake | ||||
1907 | First mention of a brassiere in Vogue | Skin test for TB introduced by Clemens Von Pirquet. | New Zealand granted dominion status | |||
1907 | First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique | |||||
1908 | Herbert H. Asquith (Liberal Coalition) | The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame published | 4th Olympic Games held in London | |||
1908 | Women's Suffrage bill carried by 179 votes | Triple Entente between Russia, France and Great Britain signed | ||||
1909 | Old age pension introduced in Britain | National Committee for Mental Hygiene founded to promote prevention and cure of mental diseases. | ||||
1909 | Labour Exchange system introduced | |||||
1910 | George V | First large scale production of rayon | ||||
1911 | National Insurance Act | Census 2nd April | ||||
1912 | Suffragette newspaper founded by the Pankhursts | Sinking of the Titanic First Blackpool illuminations | ||||
1913 | Senghenydd Colliery Disaster | |||||
1914 to 1918 | World War One | Sinking of the Lusitania | ||||
1914 | Suffragettes suspended militancy and joined war effort | |||||
1915 | Coalition government formed | |||||
1916 | David Lloyd George (Liberal - Coalition Government) | |||||
1916 | Battle of the Somme | |||||
1917 | Russian Revolution | |||||
1918 | Qualification of Women Act | Influenza pandemic | First opportunity for women to vote | |||
1919 | Third Afghan War (May-Aug) | Ernest Rutherford splits the atom | Lady Astor becomes the first woman MP | |||
1919 | Sex Disqualification Act | Children's Book Week introduced in USA | ||||
1920 | Married Women's Property Act | Collapse of Farrow's Bank affects thousands of small investors | ||||
1921 | Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D | |||||
1922 | Andrew Bonar Law (Conservative) | BBC begins radio broadcasts | ||||
1923 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) | 26th April Marriage of Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth | First vaccine for diphtheria | Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty terminated | ||
1923 | Clarence Birdseye perfects technique for freezing food | |||||
1924 | First Labour Government formed by James Ramsay MacDonald | First Greenwich time signal broadcast | Death of Lenin | |||
1924 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) | |||||
1925 | The Guardianship of Infants Act | |||||
1926 | General Strike in support of coalminers | John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television | Formal Legal Adoption Commenced | |||
1926 | Winnie-the-Pooh by A A Milne published | First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough). | ||||
1927 | Princess Elizabeth born April 21st | First vaccine for tuberculosis | ||||
1927 | First vaccine for tetanus | |||||
1928 | Representation of the People Act | House At Pooh Corner by A A Milne published | Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin | |||
1929 | James Ramsay MacDonald (Labour) | The Wall Street Crash | Start of the Great Depression | |||
1930 | Princess Margaret Rose born | Jacob Schlick's electric razor introduced | Discovery of the planet Pluto | |||
1931 | James Ramsay MacDonald (National Labour - National Government) | |||||
1932 | BBC World Service begins | |||||
1933 | Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy | |||||
1933 to 1945 | Adolf Hitler, Chancellor and Head of state of Germany(Dictator) | |||||
1935 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative - National Government) | Driving test introduced | Bra cup sizes introduced in USA | |||
1936 | Edward VIII January to December | Death of George V | First vaccine for yellow fever | Olympic Games Berlin Germany | ||
1936 | George VI (Windsor) | Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary | World's first television service launched in Britain | |||
1937 | Neville Chamberlain (Conservative - National Government) | First vaccine for typhus | Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson | |||
1939 to 1945 | World War Two | Dupont begin producing nylon | ||||
1940 | Winston Churchill (Conservative - Coalition Government) | Radar developed by British scientists | ||||
1941 | ||||||
1942 | ||||||
1943 | Colossus, the first programmable computer, operational at Bletchley Park | |||||
1944 | ||||||
1945 | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | |||||
1945 | Clement Attlee (Labour) | First vaccine for influenza | ||||
1947 | Notably severe winter in UK | India and Pakistan granted independence | ||||
1948 | The National Health Service comes into effect on the 5th of July 1948 | |||||
1948 | Berlin Blockade and Air Lift | |||||
1949 | ||||||
1950 | John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker | |||||
1951 | Winston Churchill (Conservative) | Festival of Britain | ||||
1952 | Elizabeth II | USA tests the first hydrogen bomb | Jonas Salk invented polio vaccine | |||
1953 | Paracetamol first marketed | |||||
1954 | Rationing finally ends | |||||
1955 | Sir Anthony Eden (Conservative) | Contraceptive pill invented by Gregor Pincus | ||||
1956 | Suez Crisis | |||||
1957 | Harold Macmillan (Conservative) | First space satellite launched | ||||
1958 | ||||||
1959 to 1975 | Vietnam War | |||||
1959 | ||||||
1960 | Cyprus gains independence from UK | |||||
1961 | First manned space flight by Yuri Gagarin | Creation of Berlin Wall | ||||
1962 | First oral polio vaccine (as an alternative to the injected vaccine) | U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid. | ||||
1963 | Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Conservative) | Very severe winter | ||||
1963 | Assassination of President John F Kennedy in the USA | |||||
1964 | Harold Wilson (Labour) | First vaccine for measles | ||||
1965 | U.S. Congress passes law requiring label on cigarette packages: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking may be Hazardous to your Health." | |||||
1966 | Decimal currency and dollars in Australia | |||||
1967 | First vaccine for mumps. | South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant. | ||||
1968 | USSR invades Czechoslovakia | Martin Luther King assassinated | ||||
1969 | Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon | |||||
1970 | Edward Heath (Conservative) | First vaccine for rubella. | ||||
1971 | Introduction of decimal currency | |||||
1973 | CAT scan invented by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack | |||||
1974 | Harold Wilson (Labour) | First vaccine for chicken pox. | ||||
1974 | ||||||
1976 | James Callaghan (Labour) | |||||
1977 | First vaccine for pneumonia | |||||
1978 | First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. | |||||
1979 | Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) | ultrasound scan invented by Ian Donald | ||||
1980 | W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated. | |||||
1981 | First vaccine for hepatitis B. IBM Personal Computer released | |||||
1982 | Falklands War | |||||
1983 | HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified. | |||||
1984 | Leprosy Vaccine made | |||||
1985 | ||||||
1986 | Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, Ukraine | |||||
1987 | ||||||
1988 | ||||||
1989 | Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web | Fall of the Berlin Wall Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia | ||||
1990 | Nelson Mandela released from prison | Reunification of Germany | ||||
1990 | John Major (Conservative) | |||||
1991 | Break-up of Soviet Union | |||||
1992 | ||||||
1993 | ||||||
1994 | ||||||
1995 | ||||||
1996 | Written theory section of driving test introduced | |||||
1997 | Tony Blair (Labour) | |||||
1998 | ||||||
1999 |
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