Difference between revisions of "The Timeline"

Revision as of 18:15, 17 February 2010

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-{| width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="5" cellpadding="5"
+__NOTOC__
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-|__TOC__|| [[image:time_title.jpg]]
-Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world.
-We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time.
-Anyone is welcome to add events to the timeline. Please read [[The_Timeline#Adding_an_event_to_the_timeline| Adding an event to the timeline]] before you start.
-If you have any problems, you can ask for help on '''[http://www.familytreeforum.com/showthread.php?p=1731649#post1731649 The Timeline Project]''' or contact the co-ordinator [http://www.familytreeforum.com/members/elizabeth-herts.html Elizabeth Herts].
-'''Related pages in The Reference Library'''
-<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php/313-General-History '''General History''']</span>
-<span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php/58-Getting-Started '''Getting Started''']</span>
-[[THE_CLASSIFIED_INDEX_OF_WIKI_PAGES|The Classified Index]]
-|}
 ----
+'''The content of this page has been moved to a new location in the Reference Library which can be accessed via the <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php Home Page]</span> of the forum.'''
-<BR>
+'''Click <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.familytreeforum.com/content.php/404-The-Timeline here]</span> to be redirected to the new location.'''
-<BR>
-[[Image:eleventh.jpg]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Eleventh Century==
-{| style="classwidth="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS
-|-valign="top"
-|1000||Sweyn ||The Mark unit of currency || West Saxon, Mercian and Danish Law governs England ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1002||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Ethelred's massacre of the Danes ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1014||Ethelred II The Unready ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1016||&nbsp;||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||The Danish Viking Canute (Cnut) son of Sweyn has victory at Ashington
-|-valign="top"
-|1020|| &nbsp;||&nbsp; || &nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1028||&nbsp; || &nbsp;|| &nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1031||&nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||Canute's Scotland campaigns
-|-valign="top"
-|1040||&nbsp;||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1042||Edward The Confessor||Edward's Court of Normandy||French & Latin courtly languages ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1050||&nbsp;||&nbsp; ||Westminster Abbey founded, building began || &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1065||Harold II the last Saxon||Edward dies 5 Jan Witan declare Harold king on 6 Jan ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1066||William I of Normandy The Conqueror 25 Dec||[http://www.battle-of-hastings-1066.org.uk/ Battle of Hastings] ||Bayeux Tapestry attributed to Matilda of Flanders, William I's wife or to Bishop Odo ||&nbsp; ||The Norman Conquest
-|-valign="top"
-|1072||&nbsp; || &nbsp;||Building of Durham Castle commenced || &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1075||&nbsp;||Uprisings of Hereford, Norfolk and Northumberland quashed || &nbsp;||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1077||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||First Cluniac House at Lewes (Benedictine Order) || &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1079||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||Building of Winchester Cathedral commenced || &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1083||&nbsp; || &nbsp;||Ely Cathedral commenced on former nunnery site|| &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1086||&nbsp; ||[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/domesday/ Domesday book completed] ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||Henry, Holy Roman Emperor & German King born (last Salian dynasty)
-|-valign="top"
-|1087||William II 26 Sep||&nbsp; ||Introduction of Feudalism  ||&nbsp; ||Normanization of England
-|-valign="top"
-|1090||&nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1093||&nbsp;||greatest scholar is Anselm of Beck || &nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1095||&nbsp; ||[http://www.medievalcrusades.com/crusadesbegin.htm First Crusade]||&nbsp; || &nbsp;||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1096||&nbsp;||William Rufus embarks on First Crusade ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-valign="top"
-|1097||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp; || &nbsp;||Stephen born Blois France
-|-valign="top"
-|1099||&nbsp; || &nbsp;|| &nbsp;||&nbsp; ||Ranierus becomes Pope Paschal II - fosters the First Crusade
-|-valign="top"
-|1100||Henry I 5th Aug||[http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/william-rufus.htm William Rufus killed while hunting]||Building of Durham Cathedral commenced ||&nbsp; ||&nbsp;
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR><BR>
-==Twelfth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1105|| || || || ||Ronando Bandinelli born (becomes Pope Alexander II)
-|-valign="top"
-|1119|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights_Templar Foundation of the Knights Templar]|| ||Pope Calixtus II
-|-valign="top"
-|1122|| || || || ||Pope Calixtus II - Concordant of Worms
-|-valign="top"
-|1123|| || ||St Bartholomew's Hospital, London founded by Rahere || ||David I becomes King of Scotland
-|-valign="top"
-|1129|| || ||Cistercians ''(Order of St. Bernard)'' arrive from Cheaux France || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1132|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top
-|1135||Stephen of Blois 25 Dec|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1141||Matilda ''(Maud)''||[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/Matilda.htm Civil War] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1147|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade Second Crusade]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1150|| || || || ||Pope Alexander II named as cardinal
-|-valign="top"
-|1154|| Henry II '''Plantagenet''' 19 Dec|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1162|| || ||Thomas Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury || ||Fredrick I forced into exile by Pope Alexander II
-|-valign="top"
-|1163|| || || || || Building of Notre Dame in Paris begins
-|-valign="top"
-|1164|| ||Constitution of Clarendon || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1166|| || ||Assize ''(possessory)'' of Clarendon || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1170||Henry the Young King||crowned by Archbishop of York || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1172|| || ||Thomas Becket murdered at Canterbury Cathedral || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1176|| || ||Assize ''(possessory)'' of Northampton || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1179|| || || || ||Third Laterin Council by Pope Alexander III
-|-valign="top"
-|1189||Richard I 3rd Sep||[http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/third_crusade.htm Third Crusade]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1199||John 27 May|| || || ||
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[[Image:twelfth.jpg]]
-<BR>
-==Thirteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1204|| ||Fourth Crusade|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1215|| ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/magnacarta/index.html Signing of Magna Carta] || || ||Fourth Laterin Council
-Pope Innocent III
-|-valign="top"
-|1216||Henry III 28 Oct||Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1217|| ||Treaty of Lambeth || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1218||||Fifth Crusade || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1219|| ||Death of William the Marshal|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1222|| ||Hugh de Burgh supresses an insurrection at Oxford || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1223|| ||  || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1224|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1227|| ||Henry takes full control of government of England.  Hug de Burgh retained as principal adviser.|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1228|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1230|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1232|| ||Peter de Riveaux appointed Treasurer of England|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1236|| ||Henry marries Eleanor of Provence|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1238|| ||Simon de Monfort marries Henry's sister, Eleanor|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1258|| ||De Monfort leads the English barons to rebel|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1258|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisions_of_Oxford Henry signs the Provisions of Oxford]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1261|| ||Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1262|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1263|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1264|| ||[http://www.wargames.co.uk/Library/ArticlesH/Lewes.html Battle of Lewes]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1265|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=14 Battle of Evesham]||The poet, writer and philospher Dante born in Florence Italy || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1268|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1270|| ||Seventh Crusade|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1272||Edward I 20 Nov|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1277|| ||English conquest of Wales begins|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1278|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1279|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1280|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1282|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1288|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1290|| ||Death of Eleanor of Castile||[http://www.heretical.com/British/jews1290.html Jews expelled from England]|| ||
-|-valign"top"
-|1299|| ||Edward marries Margaret of France|| || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/ottomanempire_1.shtml Ottoman Empire begins]
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Fourteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1300|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1301|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1302|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1303|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1304|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1305|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1306|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1307|| Edward II 8th July|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1308|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy Dante wrote ''The Divine Comedy'' between 1308 and 1321] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1309|| || || || ||[http://www.christianchronicler.com/history1/avignon_papacy.html Papacy moves to Avignon]
-|-valign="top"
-|1310|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1314|| ||[http://www.braveheart.co.uk/macbrave/history/bruce/bannock.htm Battle of Bannockburn]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1315-17|| || ||Great Famine in Europe || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1319|| ||Battle of Mytton: Scots defeat English || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1322|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=7 Battle of Boroughbridge: crown defeats rebels] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1323|| ||Truce between Robert Bruce and Edward II but warfare continues|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1325|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|-valign="top"
-|1327||Edward III 25 Jan|| || ||First manuscript reference to a cannon ||Death of Robert Bruce
-|-valign="top"
-|1333|| ||[http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Halidon.pdf?1240919118 Battle of Halidon Hill]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1336|| || || ||First reference to a mounted gun aboard ship||
-|-valign="top"
-|1337|| || || || ||Guillaume de Machaut becomes canon at Rheims; composes "Messe de Notre Dame" during tenure
-|-valign="top"
-|1338|| ||Start of 100 Years War|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1342|| || |||| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1346|| ||[http://www.longbow-archers.com/historycrecy.htm Battle of Crecy]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1346|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/medieval/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=28 Battle Of Neville's Cross] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1348|| || ||[http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/bdeath.html Black Death reaches Europe]|| ||A third or more of the population died as a result of the Black Death
-|-valign="top"
-|1356|| ||[http://www.chronique.com/Library/Knights/poitiers.htm Battle of Poitiers]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1377||Richard II 22 June|| || || ||Papacy returns to Rome
-Guillaume de Machaut dies
-|-valign="top"
-|1380|| || ||Chaucer begins ''The Legend of Good Women''|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1381|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Peasants_Revolt/m0012266.html The Peasants' Revolt]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1382|| || ||Chaucer's: ''The Parlement of Foules'' first use of ''rhyme royal'' in English Literature || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1385|| || ||Chaucer's ''Troilus and Criseyde''|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1387|| || ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/caxton/homepage.html Chaucer begins ''Canterbury Tales'']|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1388|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars12011400/p/otterburn.htm Battle of Otterburn]|| || ||
-|-valign="top
-|1399||Henry IV 30 Sep|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1400|| ||[http://www.nndb.com/people/292/000092016/ Owen Glendower revolts in Wales]||Chaucer dies, London, 25 Oct || ||
-|}
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Fifteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1413||Henry V 21 March|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1415|| ||[http://www.longbow-archers.com/historyagincourt.htm Battle of Agincourt] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1422||Henry VI 1st Sep|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1440|| || ||Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1450|| ||[http://www.warsoftheroses.co.uk/chapter_39.htm Jack Cade's rebellion] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1454|| || || ||Johannes Gutenberg uses movable type commercially||
-|-valign="top"
-|1455|| ||[http://www.warsoftheroses.com/timeline.cfm/ Start of the Wars of the Roses]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1455|| ||[http://www.btlse.co.uk/node/15/ First Battle of St Albans]|| ||[http://www.bl.uk/treasures/gutenberg/homepage.html Johannes Gutenberg prints ''42 Line Bible'' in Catholic Mainz, Germany] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1456|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1461||Edward IV 4th Mar|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1470||Henry VI|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1471||Edward IV ||[http://www.barnet.gov.uk/index/leisure-culture/libraries/archives/archives-histories/archives-barnethistories/archives-barnet-battleofbarnet.htm/ Battle of Barnet]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1476|| || || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/caxton_william.shtml Caxton sets up first English printing press] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1477|||| ||William Caxton (first English Printer) produces ''Book of Curtesye'' & ''Rhymes for the Goodly Chylde'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1483||Edward V 9th April|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1483||Richard III 26 June|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1485|| ||[http://www.bosworthbattlefield.com/index/battle.htm/ Battle of Bosworth Field]|| || ||Richard III dies in battle
-|-valign="top"
-|1485||Henry VII '''Tudor''' 22 Aug|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1486|| ||[http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/tudor_11.htm Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1487|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1488|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1489|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1490|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1491|| ||[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/perkin_warbeck_rebellion.htm Perkin Warbeck claims to be Richard, Duke of York]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1492|| || || || ||Christopher Columbus discovers America
-|-valign="top"
-|1493|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1494|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1495|| || || ||First dry dock built at Portsmouth||
-|-valign="top"
-|1496|| || || ||First English blast furnace built in the Weald ||
-|-valign="top"discovers mainland North America
-|-valign="top"
-|1498|| || || ||Toothbrush invented in China ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1499|| ||Perkin Warbeck hanged|| || ||Amergo Vespucci (Italian) explores and describes American coast
-|-valign="top"
-|-valign="top"
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-[[Image:sixteenth.jpg]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Sixteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1502|| || || || ||Death of Prince Arthur, heir to the throne
-|-valign="top"
-|1503|| || || || ||Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry's wife
-|-valign="top"
-|1505|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1506|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1507|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1508|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1509||Henry VIII 22 April||Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1510|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1511|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1512|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1513|| ||Battle of Flodden Field|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1514|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1515|| ||Birth of Mary I || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1528|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1529|| ||Cardinal Wolsey accused of high treason|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1530|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1531|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1532|| ||Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1533|| ||Henry marries Ann Boleyn and is excommunicated by the Pope|| || || Birth of Elizabeth I
-|-valign="top"
-|1534|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Supremacy Act of Supremacy passed]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1535|| ||Sir Thomas More beheaded | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1536|| ||Execution of Anne Boleyn|| || ||Act of Union between Wales and England
-|-valign="top"
-|1537|| ||Jane Seymour dies|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1538|| || || || ||'''Parish Registers started'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1539|| ||Henry's Great Bible: first approved translation of the Bibile | || || ||
-|-valign="top"|-valign="top"
-|1540|| ||Henry marries Ann of Cleves| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1541|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1542|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1543|| || | ||Robert Record writes ''The Ground of Arts'', the first ever English mathematics textbook || ||Six Books of Copernicus: The Revolutions (laws) of the Heavenly Orbs published in the year of his death
-|-valign="top"
-|1544|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1545|| || | || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1546|| || | ||First civil divorce in England|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1547||Edward VI 28 Jan|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1548|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1549|| ||First Act of Uniformity passed, making Roman Catholic mass illegal || || ||The First Book of Common Prayer issued
-|-valign="top"|| || || ||
-|1550|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1551|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1552|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1553||Jane 6th July|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1553||Mary I 19 July|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1554|| ||Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain 25 July|| || ||Execution of Lady Jane Grey
-|-valign="top"
-|1555|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1557|| || ||The Stationers Company controls English book publication || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1558||Elizabeth I 17 Nov|| || || ||
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-|1559|| ||Second Act of Supremacy|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1560|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1561|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1562|| || ||[http://elizabethan.org/sumptuary/ruffs-hose-swords.html Sumptuary law restricts hose, ruffs and swords]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1563 to 1564|| || ||Bubonic Plague in London|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1564|| || ||William Shakespeare baptised 26 April in Statford-upon-Avon Warwickshire || ||[http://galileo.rice.edu/bio/narrative_1.html Galileo born]
-|-valign="top"
-|1565|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1568|| ||Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1571|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1575|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1577|| || || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/drake_francis.shtml Francis Drake circumnavigates the world]to 1580||
-|-valign="top"
-|1578|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1579|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1580|| || || || ||
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-|1585|| || || || ||Roanoke (North America) first Englsih colony founded by Sir Thomas Raleigh
-|-valign="top"
-|1586|| ||Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial||Famine in England - gave rise to Poor Law system || ||
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-|1587|| ||Execution of Mary Queen of Scots|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1588|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Armada Spanish Armada] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1589|| || ||William Byrd Elizabethan Composer creates ''Cantione Sacrae'' ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocking_frame Stocking Frame invented by William Lee]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1590|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faerie_Queene First part of Edmund Spenser's ''The Fairie Queen'' published]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1597|| || ||||[http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/news_taglia.html Tagliacozzi publishes his plastic surgery techiques]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1598|| || || || ||[http://www3.hants.gov.uk/hampshire-heritage/bishops-transcripts.htm/ '''Bishops' Transcripts introduced''']
-|-valign="top"
-|1599|| || ||Richard Burbage, William Shakespeare & others build the Globe Theatre in London || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1600|| || || ||Heels on shoes became common in Europe ||East India Company founded
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
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-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Seventeenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1601|| || ||[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3787019 Poor Law Act] '''Relief granted to paupers only in their parish of legal settlement'''|| ||Orphans and paupers' children become apprentices (see Poor Law Act)
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-|1602|| || || || ||
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-|1603||James I '''Stuart''' 24 March|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1604|| || || || ||
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-|1605|| ||[http://www.gunpowder-plot.org/ Gunpowder Plot]||William Byrd Elizabethan composer creates ''Gradualia'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1606|| || || || ||
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-|1607|| ||Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers||[http://www.burnham-on-sea.com/1607-flood.shtml Tidal wave and flood in Bristol Channel kills 2000 people] || ||Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA
-|-valign="top"
-|1608|| || ||John Milton (poet) born || ||Quebec city founded
-|-valign="top"
-|1609|| || || ||[http://www.physicsplanet.com/articles/johannes-kepler-and-his-laws-of-planetary-motion Johannes Kepler publishes ''Astromia Nova'', Kepler's first two Laws of Planetary Motion]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1609|| || || ||Galileo looks at the sky with a telescope ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1610|| || ||Authorized Version of Bible|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1611|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1612|| ||[http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/princehenry.htm Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid]||10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft || ||
-|-valign-"top"
-|1613|| || ||[http://www.globe-theatre.org.uk/globe-theatre-fire.htm Globe Theatre London burns down] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1614|| || ||Globe Theatre rebuilt by June ||John Napier publishes book of logarithms||New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam)
-|-valign="top"
-|1615|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1616|| || ||Shakespeare dies  23 April at Statford-upon-Avon || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1617|| || || ||[http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/I067/10328828.aspx Napier's bones, a calculating tool, invented] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1618|| || || || ||
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-|1619|| ||[http://www.iep.utm.edu/b/bacon.htm Francis Bacon made Lord Chancellor]|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonices_Mundi Kepler publishes ''Harmonices Mundi'', his Third Law of Planetary Motion] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1620|| || ||Francis Bacon publishes ''Novum Organum'' || ||Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England
-|-valign="top"
-|1621|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1622|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1623|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1624|| || ||Fire destroys much of Dunfermline || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1625||Charles I 27 March|| || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1626|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1627|| ||England goes to war with France|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1628|| || || ||[http://www.zephyrus.co.uk/williamharvey.html William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals]  ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1629|| ||11 years rule without Parliament commences || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1630|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top
-|1631|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1632|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1633|| || ||Milton's ''On the Morning of Christ's Nativity'' first poem in English || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1634|| || First writs for Ship Money issued ||Smallpox epidemic || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1635|| || ||Smallpox epidemic|| ||18th Sept Emperor Ferdinand II declares War on France
-|-valign="top"
-|1636|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1637|| || John Hampden tried for non-payment of Ship Money ||New Prayer Book introduced in Scotland  || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1638|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1639|| ||[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/bishops-wars.htm First Bishops War against Scots] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1640|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=29 Second Bishops war Battle of Newburn Ford] ||Most of Gentry and Merchant classes literate || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1641|| ||Star Chamber and Court of High Commission abolished|| || ||[http://www.cambridgeshire.gov.uk/leisure/archives/catalogue/holdings/m_p/protestationreturns.htm '''Protestation Returns required by Parliament''']
-|-valign="top"
-|1641|| ||[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/glossary/irish-uprising-1641.htm Irish Rebellion]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1642 to 1651|| ||[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/timelines/index.htm/ English Civil Wars]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1642|| ||[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/1642-edgehill.htm Royalists victory at Powick Bridge 23 Sep]||Theatre banned (until 1660) || ||Birth of Isaac Newton
-|-valign="top"
-|1642|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=3 Royalist advantage after Battle of Edgehill 23 Oct]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643|| ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=9 Crown controls Cornwall after Battle of Braddock Down 19 Jan]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Hopton Heath 16 Mar || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Stratton 16 May || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Chalgrove 17 Jun || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Adwalton Manor 30 Jun || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Roundway Down 13 Jul || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||Battle of Newbury 20 Sep || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1643 || ||[http://www.battlefieldstrust.com/resource-centre/civil-war/battleview.asp?BattleFieldId=48 Parliament win Battle of Winceby 11 Oct] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1644|| || Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1644|| ||Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar ||[http://www.globe-theatre.org.uk/globe-theatre-puritans.htm Globe Theatre destroyed by Puritans]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1644|| ||Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1644|| ||[http://www.britainexpress.com/History/battles/marston-moor.htm Battle of Marston Moor 2 July]||[http://www.timetravel-britain.com/articles/christmas/ban.shtml Parliament bans Christmas (lasts until Restoration)]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1645|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1646|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1647|| || || [http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/biog/fox.htm George Fox's spiritual revelation that leads to founding Quakers]
-|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1648|| || || || ||Frondes civil wars in France
-|-valign="top"
-|January 1649||Regicide of Charles I||England declared a republic|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1649 to 1660|| Interregnum|| || || ||'''Possible gaps in Parish records'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1649|| ||Irish royalists defeated at Wexford and the Siege of Drogheda|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1650|| ||Scots royalists defeated at Dunbar||First coffee-house opened in England|| || Cape Town founded
-|-valign="top"
-|1651|| ||Scots royalists defeated at Worcester|| || ||Charles II flees into exile
-|-valign="top"
-|1652 to 1654|| ||[http://www.british-civil-wars.co.uk/military/first-anglo-dutch-war.htm First Dutch War]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1652|| || ||[http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-IRO-coffee_houses.htm Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1653||Oliver Cromwell||Great fire of Malborough || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1654|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1655 || ||Parliament dismissed.  Country divided into 11 districts, each with a Major-General|| || ||Jamaica captured from the Spanish
-|-valign="top"
-|1656|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1657|| || ||Milton's ''Paradise Lost'' published|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1658||Richard Cromwell|| || || ||Oliver Cromwell dies
-|-valign="top"
-|1659|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1660||Charles II|| ||Royal Society formed || ||[http://www.pepysdiary.com/ Samuel Pepys begins diary]
-|-valign="top"
-|1661|| ||[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/corporation_act_1661.htm The Corporation Act] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi Malpighi discovers capillaries]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1662|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poor_Relief_Act_1662 Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement)] || || ||'''The parish responsible for the relief of the poor'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1662|| ||[http://greatejection.blogspot.com/2007/10/act-of-uniformity.html Act of Uniformity] ||Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza|| ||Book of Common Prayer (the current ''traditional'' C of E prayer book)
-|-valign="top"
-|1662|| ||The Quaker Act|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1662 to 1689|| || || || ||[http://www.progenealogists.com/greatbritain/hearthtax.htm Hearth Tax in England]
-|-valign="top"
-|1663|| ||  ||Mens' wigs become fashionable || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1664|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conventicle_Act_1664 Conventicle Act]  || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1665-67|| ||2nd Dutch War||The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published The Convertide Act  The Five Mile Act || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1665|| ||Five Mile Act ||[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/GreatPlague.htm Great Plague]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1666||  || || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London Great Fire of London]|| ||Isaac Newton's ''annus mirabilis''
-|-valign="top"
-|1666||  || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Gazette The Oxford Gazette becomes the London Gazette]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1667|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Lost John Milton writes ''Paradise Lost'']|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1668|| || || ||Newton invents reflecting telescope||Bombay granted to East India Company
-|-valign="top"
-|1669|| || ||Christopher Wren appointed Surveyor General || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1670|| ||[http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/M/monarchy/documents/treaty_of_dover.html Secret Treaty of Dover]||Milton's ''The History of Britain'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1671|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1672-74|| ||3rd Dutch War || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1673|| ||[http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/M/monarchy/documents/test_acts.html Test Act] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1674|| || ||John Milton (poet) dies ||||
-|-valign="top"
-|1675|| || || ||John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal ||Royal Observatory established at Greenwich
-|-valign="top"
-|1676|| || ||[http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/EventsExhibitions/Special/LondonsBurning/themes/1437/1439 Great Fire of Southwark] ||St Paul's Cathedral begun by Sir Christopher Wren||
-|-valign="top"
-|1677|| || || || ||[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~framland/acts/1677.htm Act for burying in Woollen]
-|-valign="top"
-|1678|| ||[http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/titus_oates.html Popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pilgrim%27s_Progress ''Pilgrim's Progress'' by John Bunyan]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1679|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habeas_Corpus_Act_1679 Habeas Corpus Act]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1680|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dockwra William Dockwra establishes the penny post] ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonie_van_Leeuwenhoek Anton van Leeuwenhoek refines the microscope and Royal Society accept his observations on single cell organisms] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1681|| ||[http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/English/Collections/Onlineresources/RWWC/themes/1295/1284 Charles II offered sanctuary to the Huguenots] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1682|| || || || ||Pennsylvania founded
-|-valign="top"
-|1683|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1684|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1685||James II 6th Feb||[http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james2 Battle of Sedgmoor]||[http://www.historyguide.org/earlymod/revo_nantes.html Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England]|| ||Johann Sebastian Bach born
-Georg Friedrich Handel born Halle Germany
-|-valign="top"
-|1687|| || || ||Newton publishes Principia ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1688|| ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/civil_war_revolution/glorious_revolution_01.shtml The Glorious Revolution]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1689||William III ''Prince of Orange'' and Mary II 13 Feb||[http://www.ntseducation.org.uk/teachers/killiecrankie.html Battle of Killiecrankie] ||Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1690|| || || || ||First bicycle appears in France - ''the celerifere''
-|-valign="top"
-|1692|| ||[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/235254/Massacre-of-Glencoe Glencoe Massacre]|| || ||Salem witch trials in Massachusetts
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-|1693|| ||National Debt founded|| || ||Land tax first introduced
-|-valign="top"
-|1694||Death of Mary II; William III rules alone 28 Dec|| ||[http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/history/ Foundation of the Bank of England]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1695|| || ||Press licensing abandoned in England (freedom of the press)|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1696|| || ||[http://www.longparish.org.uk/history/windowtax.htm Window Tax introduced]|| ||
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-|1697|| || || || ||St Paul's Cathedral opened
-|-valign="top"
-|1698|| || || ||Sir Isacc Newton calculates the speed of sound ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1699|| || || || ||
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-|1700|| || || || ||
-|-
-|}
-<BR>
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-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Eighteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-valign="top"
-|1701|| ||[http://www.worldfreeinternet.net/parliament/settlement.htm Act of Settlement] || ||Jethro Tull invents the seed drill ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1702||Anne 08 March||War of Spanish Succession starts||''The Daily Courant'' published - first daily newspaper|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1703|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Storm_of_1703 The Great Storm of 1703] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1704|| ||[http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars16011800/p/blenheim.htm Battle of Blenheim]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1705|| ||The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona|| ||[http://www.animatedengines.com/newcomen.shtml Newcomen invents first practical steam engine]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1706|| ||Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1707|| ||[http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/ Act of Union]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1708|| ||Capture of Minorca|| || ||Prince George of Denmark, Anne's husband, dies
-|-valign="top"
-|1709|| || || ||First piano built by Bartolommeo Cristofori in Florence ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1710|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1711|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1712|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1713|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Utrecht The Treaty of Utrecht]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1714||George I ''Elector of Hannover'' 01 August||End of the War of Spanish Succession|| || Mercury thermometer invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit  ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1715|| ||[http://www.rls.org.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-001-454-L Jacobite Rebellion defeated]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1716|| ||The Septennial Act (General Elections to be held every 7 years) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1717|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1718|| || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lombe Thomas Lombe's silk spinning patent]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1719|| || ||Daniel Defoe's ''Robinson Crusoe'' published|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1720|| || ||[http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England-History/SouthSeaBubble.htm South Sea Bubble burst]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1721|| ||Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister (Whig)|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1722|| || ||Daniel Defoe 's ''A Journal of the Plague Year''  & ''Colonial Jack'' published|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1723|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1726|| || ||''Gulliver's Travels'' by Jonathan Swift published|| ||Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I
-|-valign="top"
-|1727||George II 11 June|| || || ||Death of Sir Isaac Newton
-|-valign="top"
-|1733|| || || ||[http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/009.html Kay's flying shuttle]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1736|| || ||Witchcraft finally abolished as a crime|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1737|| || || || ||Death of Queen Caroline
-|-valign="top"
-|1738|| || ||[[Religion_and_the_Clergy|Methodism begins]]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1739|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Jenkins'_Ear War of Jenkins Ear ]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1740|| || || || ||War of the Austrian Succession
-|-valign="top"
-|1742|| ||Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (Whig) ||Henry Fielding publishes  ''Joseph Andrews'' ||Sheffield flatware (cutlery) developed by Thomas Boulsover ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1743|| ||Henry Pelham (Whig) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1744|| || ||John Newbery first to publish Children's Literature ''A Pretty Pocket Book'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1745|| ||[http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/lennich/jacobite.htm 2nd Jacobite rebellion]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1746|| ||[http://www.nts.org.uk/culloden/ Battle of Culloden]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1747|| || || ||James Lind, a Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1748|| || ||Tobias George Smollet publishes ''The Adventures of Roderick Random'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1149|| || ||Fielding publishes ''Tom Jones''  Samuel Johnson published poem ''A Vanity of Human Wishes'' || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1750|| || ||London earth tremors cause panic Samuel Johnson produces ''The Rambler'' essays (1750-52)|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1751|| || ||Fielding publishes ''Amelia''  Tobias Smollet publishes ''The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle''||' ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1752|| || || || ||Gregorian calendar introduced
-|-valign="top"
-|1753|| || ||[http://www.britishmuseum.org/the_museum/history_and_the_building/general_history.aspx Foundation of the British Museum]|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_Act_1753 Marriage Act]
-|-valign="top"
-|1754|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig)|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1755|| ||War with France||Samuel Johnson published ''The Dictionary'' (English) || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1756|| ||William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire (Whig)||Marine Society founded || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1756 to 1763|| ||Seven Years' War|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1755|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta Black Hole of Calcutta]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1757|| ||[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_plassey.html Battle of Plassey]||William Blake born|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1758|| ||Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1759|| || || || ||Georg Friedrich Handel dies
-|-valign="top"
-|1760||George III 25 Oct|| || || ||
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-|1762|| ||John Stuart, Earl of Bute (Tory)||Oliver Goldsmith's essay ''The Citizen of the World'' or ''Letters from a Chinese Philospher'' published || ||
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-|1763|| ||George Grenville (Whig)||August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest|| ||
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-|1764|| || ||Oliver Goldsmith publishes ''The Travellor'' || ||
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-|1765|| ||Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig)||John Newbery prints ''A history of Goody Two Shoes;'' ''Mother Goose's Melody'' || ||
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-|1766|| ||William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham (Whig)||''The Vicar of Wakefield'' by Oliver Goldsmith published || ||
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-|1767|| ||Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton (Whig)|| || ||
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-|1768|| || ||[http://www.royalacademy.org.uk/about/ Royal Academy of Arts founded]||[http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/hargreaveso.htm Spinning jenny] ||
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-|1770|| ||Frederick North, Lord North (Tory)|||| || [http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/australianhistory/ Cook charts New South Wales]
-Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn
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-|1773|| ||Boston Tea Party||Oliver Goldsmith's play ''She Stoops to Conquer'' appears || ||
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-|1774|| || || ||Discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley ||
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-|1775|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/rev-prel.htm  American War of Independence] ||[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/harrison John Harrisson's chronometer finally given prize by Parliament]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt_steam_engine James Watt develops improved steam engine]||
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-|1776|| || || ||[http://www.bridgewatercanal.co.uk/ Bridgewater canal completed]||American Declaration of Independence
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-|1778|| || || ||[http://www.sedgleymanor.com/people/abraham_darby.html  First iron bridge built]||
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-|1778|| || || ||[http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/technology/engineering/biography/bramah.htm Bramah's flushing watercloset patented]||
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-|1779 to 1783|| ||[http://www.keepmilitarymuseum.org/gibraltar.php?&dx=1&ob=3  Siege of Gibraltar]|| || ||
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-|1779|| || || ||[http://www.boltonmuseums.org.uk/collections/local-history/local-life/samuel-crompton/ Crompton's Mule]||
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-|1780|| ||4th Anglo-Dutch war ||[http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/18reform/gordon.htm Gordon Riots in London] || ||
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-|1781|| || || || ||
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-|1782|| || Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig)|| || ||
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-|1782|| || William FitzMaurice, Earl of Shelburne (Whig)|| || ||
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-|1783|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory)|| || ||Britain recognises U.S. independence
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-|1783|| ||William Pitt the Younger (Tory)|| || ||
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-|1784|| || ||William Blake opens own print shop; ||Blake invents relief etching as a print/publishing form ||
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-|1785|| || ||[http://www.methodist.org.uk/index.cfm?fuseaction=opentogod.content&cmid=1618 Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England]||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loom Cartwright's Power Loom]||
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-|1786|| || ||Beginning of gas lighting || ||
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-|1787|| || || || ||The Constitution (United States of America) declared
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-|1788|| || || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) dies in Rome]
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-|1788|| || || || ||Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet in Sydney Cove
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-|1789|| || || || ||French Revolution
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-|1791|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rights_of_Man Publication of ''The Rights of Man'' by Thomas Paine]||[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/aboutus/history/ The Board of Ordnance started mapping southern Britain]||
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-|1793|| ||War with France|| ||[http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/n2o/n2oc.htm Joseph Preistley discovered nitrous oxide (laughing gas)] ||
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-|1794|| || ||William Blake writes and prints ''Songs of Innocence and Experience'' || ||
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-|1796 to 1808|| ||Anglo-Spanish War || || ||
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-|1796|| || || ||[http://www.canalmuseum.org.uk/history/grandjun.htm Grand Junction (Union) Canal opens] ||
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-|1796|| || || ||[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/smallpox/sp_vaccination.html Jenner develops smallpox vaccine]||
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-|1798|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/broadside1.html Nelson wins Battle of the Nile] || Beethoven writes ''Pathetique''|| ||Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada
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-|1800|| || || ||Sir Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide ||[http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/2102657 '''Census Act''']
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-[[Image:nineteenth.jpg]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Nineteenth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
-|-
-|1801|| || || ||[http://www.canalmuseum.org.uk/history/regents.htm Regents Canal opens]||[http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~alan/family/N-EarlyCensuses.html '''Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians''')]
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-|1801|| ||Henry Addington (Tory) ||Earl of Mansfield's monument completed by John Flaxman ||[http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/aboutus/history/timeline.html First Ordnance Survey map published, the 1 inch map of Kent]||
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-|1802|| || ||John Flaxman illustrates Dantes' ''The Divine Comedy'' || ||
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-|1804|| ||William Pitt the Younger (Tory)|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Trevithick World's first steam-hauled railway journey at Merthyr Tydfil,Wales] ||
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-|1805|| ||[http://www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk/battle-of-trafalgar.html Battle of Trafalgar]|| || ||
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-|1806|| ||William Grenville, Lord Grenville  (Whig)||[http://www.portcities.org.uk/london/server/show/ConNarrative.36/The-state-funeral-of-Lord-Nelson-59-January-1806.html State funeral of Lord Nelson] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isambard_Kingdom_Brunel Birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel]
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-|1807|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lslavery07.htm/ Abolition of Slavery Act]|| || ||
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-|1807|| ||William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory)|| || ||
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-|1808 to 1814|| ||Peninsular War|| || ||
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-|1809|| ||Spencer Perceval (Tory) || || ||First 'free' settlers to NSW
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-|1810|| || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4290124.stm First curry house opens in England] || ||
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-|1811|| ||Prince George appointed Regent when his father's health deteriorates (porphyria)||Jane Austen's ''Sense and Sensibility'' published || ||'''Census 27th May (of limited use to family historians)'''
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-|1812-15|| ||Anglo-American War |||| ||
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-|1812|| ||[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/pms/perceval.html Spencer Perceval PM assassinated]|| ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1750-1820/IC.008/ First commercial European paddle steamer]
- ||[http://www.familytreeforum.com/wiki/index.php/Parish_Registers Rose's Act passed.  Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes]
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-|1812|| ||Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (Tory) || || ||
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-|1813|| || ||Publication of ''Pride and Prejudice'' by Jane Austen|| ||
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-|1814|| || ||Publication of ''Mansfield Park'' by Jane Austen|| ||
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-|1815|| ||[http://www.britishbattles.com/waterloo/waterloo-june-1815.htm Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo] ||''Emma'' by Jane Ausen published ||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?pageid=2594 Leeds Liverpool canal completed] ||
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-|1816|| |||| ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1750-1820/IC.003/ Davy lamp improves mining safety] ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Year_Without_a_Summer Year without a summer following volcanic eruption]
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-|1816|| |||| ||René Laënnec invents the stethoscope||
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-|1816|| |||| ||The draisine (bicycle) appears in Germany||
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-|1817|| || ||Jane Austen's ''Persuasion'' and ''Northanger Abbey'' published postumously || ||
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-|1818|| || ||Nelson's monument completed by John Flaxman ||James Blundell, British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion||Death of Queen Charlotte
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-|1818|| || || ||Curride (bicycle) appears in England (known as the ''hobbyhorse'') ||
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-|1819|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1819peterloo.html Peterloo Massacre] || || ||Jacques Offenbach French Composer born
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-|1820||George IV 29 Jan||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcato.htm Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy]|| || ||
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-|1821|| || || || ||'''Census May 28th''' (of limited value to family historians)
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-|1822|| || ||[http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Louis_Pasteur.php Birth of Louis Pasteur] ||Caledonian Canal completed ||
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-|1823|| || || || ||
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-|1824|| || || || ||
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-|1825|| || || ||[http://www.railcentre.co.uk/stockton/stocktonmenu.htm First railway, Stockton-Darlington]||
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-|1826|| || ||Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire ||First steamship crosses Atlantic ||
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-|1827|| ||George Canning (Tory)|| ||Endoscope invented by Pierre Segalas  ||
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-|1827|| ||Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich  (Tory)|| ||  ||Ludwig van Beethoven dies
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-|1828|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) || || ||
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-|1829|| ||The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs||[[Law_and_Law_Enforcement|Metropolitan Police established]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.007/ Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive] ||WA declared British possession
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-|1830||William IV 26 June ||Charles Grey, Earl Grey  (Whig )|| ||Liverpool & Midlands Railway opens||
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-|1831|| || || || ||'''Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians)'''
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-|1831 to 1832|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/cholera/m0003435.html First Cholera Epidemic] || ||
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-|1832||  ||[http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob6.html The Reform Bill of 1832]|| || ||
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-|1833||  ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833/ Slavery Abolition Act]|| || ||
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-|1834|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workhouse#The_Poor_Law_Amendment_Act.2C_1834.2C_England_and_Wales/ Poor Law Amendment Act]||[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/tolpuddle_martyrs/tolpuddle_martyrs.htm Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia]||  ||
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-|1834|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) || || ||
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-|1834|| ||Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) || || ||
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-|1834|| ||Sir Robert Peel  (Tory) || || ||
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-|1835|| ||William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) || || ||
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-|1836|| ||[http://www.thedorsetpage.com/history/tolpuddle_martyrs/tolpuddle_martyrs.htm Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure] ||Charles Dickens serializes ''The Pickwick Papers'' || ||
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-|1837||Victoria 20 June|| || ||[http://www.cntr.salford.ac.uk/comms/ebirth.php Electric Telegraph invented] ||[[Records Office Guide|'''Civil Registration introduced''']]
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-|1837|| || || ||Alfred Bird invents custard powder ||
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-|1838|| ||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1838chartism.html Chartism:The People's Petition] || ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.037/ Daguerrotype photographical process] ||'''Public Record Office''' established
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-|1839 to 1842|| ||First Afghan War || || ||
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-|1839|| ||Foundation of the anti-Corn Law League|| ||Macmillan produces the self propelled ''hobbyhorse'' ||
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-|1840|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Booth/m0003216.html Charles Booth, Ship owner and Sociologist born] || ||
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-|1840|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Penny_Post Uniform Penny Post introduced]|| ||Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
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-|1841|| ||Sir Robert Peel (Tory) ||Thomas Cook travel company founded ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbrighton.htm London-Brighton railway completed] ||'''Census: 6th June'''
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-|1842|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_Tax_Act_1842 Income Tax Act]||Income tax re-introduced||Invention of Kilner jar enables easier home preservation of fruit and vegetables ||
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-|1843|| || ||[http://history.powys.org.uk/history/rhaeadr/rebecca.html Rebecca riots in Wales]|| ||
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-|1844|| || || ||Nitrous oxide first used as an anesthetic by Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist||
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-|1844|| || || ||Safety match invented in Sweden ||
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-|1845|| || ||[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/famine_01.shtml Start of the Irish Potato Famine]|| RW Thompson (UK) patents the pneumatic tyre but no vehicles suitable to make it a commercial success!||[http://www.wesleyjohnston.com/users/ireland/past/famine/emigration.html Emigration from Ireland rises steeply]
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-|1845 to 1872|| ||[http://balagan.org.uk/war/nz/1845/index.htm New Zealand Colonial Wars]|| || ||
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-|1846|| ||Lord John Russell (Whig) Repeal of the Corn Laws||Dickens publishes ''Dombey and Son'' (1846-48) || ||Hans Christian Anderson's stories translated into English
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-|1847|| || || ||First use of chloroform in childbirth||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Mean_Time#History Greenwich Mean Time adopted across mainland Great Britain]
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-|1848 to 1849|| || ||2nd Cholera Epidemic || ||
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-|1848|| ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Public_Health_Acts/m0025253.html 1st Public Health Act]||[http://www.practicalpainting.com/Articles/PreRaphael/PreRaphae0505.htm Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood]||[http://www.chardmuseum.co.uk/Powered_Flight First aircraft to fly under its own power in Chard, Somerset]||Influx of academic and middle class Europeans to London
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-|1849|| || ||Dickens releases ''David Copperfield'' || ||
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-|1850|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Llibrary.htm First Public Library Act] || || ||[http://members.iinet.net.au/~perthdps/convicts/shipsWA.html First convicts arrive in Perth 'Scindian' ]
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-|1851|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/prints_books/prints_books/great_exhibition/index.html The Great Exhibition]||[http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ Australian Gold Rush] ||'''Census: 30th March'''
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-|1852|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative)||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum)]|| ||
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-|1852 || ||George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (Conservative)||Dickens releases ''Bleak House'' 1852-1853 || ||
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-|1853|| || ||3rd Cholera Epidemic || ||
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-|1853|| ||Compulsory Vaccination Act ||Jacques Offenbach composes and performs ''Pepito'' ||Alexander Wood invents hypodermic syringe ||
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-|1854 to 1856|| ||[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/battles/crimea/ The Crimean War]||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REnightingale.htm Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War] || ||
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-|1854|| || ||[http://www.winwaed.com/sci/cholera/john_snow.shtml Broad Street cholera outbreak] ||John Snow discovers cause of cholera ||
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-|1854|| || ||Dickens publishes ''Hard Times'' || ||
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-|1855|| ||Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)||Dickens releases ''Little Dorrit''  ||  ||[http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/content/help/index.aspx?r=554&402 '''Civil Registration introduced in Scotland''']
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-|1856|| || ||[[General_Everyday_Clothing#1851_-_1860|Crinoline becomes popular]]||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/science/1820-1880/IC.054/ Synthetic dyes invented] ||
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-|1856|| || ||Cage crinoline invented ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1820-1880/IC.012/ Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production] ||
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-|1856|| || ||First commercial production of condensed milk || ||
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-|1857|| || ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum)] || ||[[Divorce_and_Annulments|Matrimonial Causes Act]]
-|-valign="top"
-|1858|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby  (Conservative)|| || ||
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-|1858|| ||Viscount Palmerston (Liberal)||  || ||[http://www.familyrecords.gov.uk/topics/wills_1.htm/''' Secular Court of Probate created''']
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-|1858|| ||[http://www.canterbury.ac.uk/salomons-museum/jewish-history-fight.asp Jews permitted to become MPs]||  || ||
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-|1859 || ||  ||  ||Louis Pasteur paper published suggesting that microorganisms may cause many human and animal diseases  || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin Charles Darwin’s ''On The Origin Of Species'' published]
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-|1860 || || || ||  ||
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-|1861 || ||  ||Death of Prince Albert from typhoid ||  ||'''Census: 7th April'''
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-|1861 to 1865|| ||[http://americancivilwar.com/ American Civil War]||[http://www.cottontown.org/page.cfm?LANGUAGE=eng&pageID=885/ Lancashire Cotton Famine] || ||
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-|1862 || ||  ||  ||  ||
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-|1863|| || ||Formation of Football Association||[http://modernhistorian.blogspot.com/2009/01/on-this-day-in-history-first_10.html First underground railway opens in London]||
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-|1864 || ||First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol ||Dickens serializes ''Our Mutual Friend'' until 1865  ||  ||
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-|1864 || || ||First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol ||  ||
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-|1865 to 1866 || || ||4th Cholera Epidemic ||  ||
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-|1865|| ||[http://www.carhistory4u.com/content/view/106/195/ Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act'] ||[http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/control/archive.htm#cattle Great Cattle Plague to 1857]|| ||
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-|1865|| ||John Russell, Earl Russell (Liberal)||Lewis Carrol (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) published ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' || ||
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-|1866|| ||Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative)|| || ||
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-|1867|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1867 Second Reform Act - number of voters doubled]||[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1867lister.html Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery] ||Suez canal opens. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter#History First commercially successful typewriter invented] ||
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-|1868|| ||Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative)||Lousia Alcott's ''Little Women'' published || ||Last convicts transported to Western Australia
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-|1868|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)||Jacques Offenbach composes ''Orpheus of the Underworld'' ||Margarine invented in France by Hippolyte Mege-Mouriez  ||
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-|1870 || || Education Act makes primary education compulsory||First Barnardo's Home opens || ||
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-|1870 || || ||Charles Dickens dies and ''The Mystery of Edwin Drood'' published postumously||[http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol2007.htm Germ theory of disease established by Robert Kock and Louis Pasteur]||
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-|1871|| ||Trade Unions legalized ||Lewis Carroll's ''Through The Looking Glass and what Alice Found There'' published||James Starling invents pennyfarthing bicycle ("highwheeler")||'''Census: 2nd April'''
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-|1871|| || ||[http://www.thehistorychannel.co.uk/site/encyclopedia/article_show/Rowntree/m0024484.html Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, entrepreneur and philanthropist born]|| ||
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-|1872|| ||2nd Public Health Act introduced ||Compulsory vaccination against smallpox introduced || ||
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-|1873|| || || ||||
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-|1874 || ||Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) ||Bustles begin to be fashionable || ||
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-|1875|| ||3rd and 4th Public Health Act introduced and were compulsory || ||First electric dental drill patented by George Green ||
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-|1876|| || ||New Central Committee of Nation Society for Women's Suffrage founded                     Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer'' published ||[http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/resource/view.php?id=254181 Both Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell file patents for the telephone]||
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-|1877|| || ||[http://aeltc2009.wimbledon.org/en_GB/about/museum/museum_history.html First Lawn Tennis Championship at Wimbledon] ||Edison invents phonograph ||
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-|1878|| || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Swan Joseph Swan invents and patents the electric light bulb]||
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-|1878 to 1880|| ||Second Afghan War|| || ||
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-|1879|| ||Zulu War || ||First vaccine for Cholera introduced ||
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-|1880|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) ||Jacques Offenbach composes  ''The Tales of Hoffman'' || ||
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-|1880 to 1881|| ||First Boer War||Death of Jacques Offenbach || ||
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-|1881|| ||[http://www.gov.im/lib/news/mnh/125thanniversary.xml Some women granted the vote in the Isle of Man] || ||First vaccine for anthrax introduced ||'''Census: 3rd April'''
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-|1883|| || ||Robert Louis ''Stevenson's Treasure Island'' published ||[http://www.volkselectricrailway.co.uk/ First electric railway opens in Brighton]||20 May eruption of Krakatoa  Cholera Epidemic in India
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-|1884|| ||||Mark Twain's ''The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'' published || ||
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-|1885|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative)||Robert Louis Stevenson's ''A Child's Garden of Verse'' published ||[http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/ Modern style chain driven bicycle invented] Benz builds first motor car||
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-|1886|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) || ||Coca Cola invented in USA by Dr John Stith Pemberton||
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-|1886|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative)||R L Stevenson's ''Kidnapped'' Published || ||
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-|1887|| || || ||Adolf Frick invents contact lenses ||Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
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-|1888|||| ||Oscar Wilde's ''The Happy Prince and Other Tales'' published || ||
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-|1890|| || || ||Antitoxins discovered by Emil von Behring who used them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines ||
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-|1891|| || || || ||'''Census: 5th April'''
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-|1892|| ||William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)|| || ||
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-|1893|| ||First Matabele War || ||Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph ||
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-|1894|| ||Earl of Rosebery (Liberal)|| || ||
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-|1895|| ||Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) || ||Rontgen discovers X rays||
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-|1896|| ||Second Matabele War || ||First vaccine for typhoid fever ||
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-|1897|| || || ||First vaccine for plague ||Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
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-|1898|| || || ||Marie Curie (1867-1934) discovers radioactive substances ||
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-|1899|| ||Women gain the right to vote in Western Australia ||[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/periods_styles/features/history/brief_history/index.html Museum of South Kensington becomes the Victoria and Albert Museum]||[http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blaspirin.htm Bayer begin marketing Aspirin]||
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-[[#top|Back to Top]]
-<BR>
-<BR>
-<BR>
-==Twentieth Century==
-{| width="100%" height="35px" border="1" cellpadding="5"
-! width="5%"|'''YEAR'''
-! width="15%"|'''MONARCH'''
-! width="20%"|'''POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS'''
-! width="20%"|'''SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS'''
-! width="20%"|'''INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES'''
-! width="20%"|'''NOTABLE EVENTS'''
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-|1900|||| ||Beatrix Potter's ''The Tale of Peter Rabbit'' published || ||
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-|1901||Queen Victoria died 22nd Jan  || || ||Satori Kato invents powdered instant coffee ||Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research opens in New York City
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-|1901||Edward VII|| ||||The existence of different human blood types discovered by Karl Landsteiner ||Australia granted dominion status
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-|1901|| || || || ||'''Census 1st April'''
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-|1902|| ||Arthur Balfour (Conservative) ||Beatrix Potter's ''The Tale of Gloucester'' published ||[http://www.marmite.co.uk/love/history/birth-of-marmite.html Marmite first produced in Burton on Trent] ||Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty, first signed on 30th January
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-|1903|| || || ||Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first manned flight||
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-|1903|| || || ||Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiograph, King Camp Gillette invents the safety razor||
-|-valign="top"
-|1905|| ||Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1906|| || || ||Diagnostic test for syphilis introduced by German researcher August von Wasserman. ||San Francisco earthquake
-|-valign="top"
-|1907|| || ||First mention of a brassiere in Vogue || 	Skin test for TB introduced by Clemens Von Pirquet. ||New Zealand granted dominion status
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-|1907|| || || || First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1908|| ||Herbert H. Asquith (Liberal Coalition) ||''The Wind in the Willows'' by Kenneth Grahame published || ||4th Olympic Games held in London
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-|1908|| ||Women's Suffrage bill carried by 179 votes||  || ||Triple Entente between Russia, France and Great Britain signed
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-|1909|| || ||Old age pension introduced in Britain || National Committee for Mental Hygiene founded to promote prevention and cure of mental diseases.  ||
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-|1909|| || ||Labour Exchange system introduced || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1910||George V|| || ||First large scale production of rayon ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1911|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Insurance_Act_1911 National Insurance Act]|| || ||'''Census 2nd April'''
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-|1912|| || ||Suffragette newspaper founded by the Pankhursts || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic Sinking of the Titanic]  [http://www.blackpool-illuminations.net/history.html First Blackpool illuminations]
-|-valign="top"
-|1913|| || || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senghenydd_Colliery_Disaster Senghenydd Colliery Disaster] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1914 to 1918|| ||[[World War One]]|| || ||Sinking of the Lusitania
-|-valign="top"
-|1914|| ||Suffragettes suspended militancy and joined war effort || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1915|| ||Coalition government formed || || ||
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-|1916|| ||David Lloyd George (Liberal - Coalition Government) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1916|| ||[http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWsomme.htm Battle of the Somme]|| || ||
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-|1917|| || || || ||Russian Revolution
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-|1918|| ||[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=L9hGTHMCODYC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=%22Qualification+of+Women+Act+1918%22&source=bl&ots=hj3IXSKFYA&sig=CGzv-afXLthZ7Y6Q8PUYzBnW5Ro&hl=en&ei=Qg8uSrTAB5HMjAeDqrmGCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10/ Qualification of Women Act]|| [http://virus.stanford.edu/uda/ Influenza pandemic]|| ||First opportunity for women to vote
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-|1919|| ||[http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_afghan3.html Third Afghan War (May-Aug)]|| ||Ernest Rutherford splits the atom ||Lady Astor becomes the first woman MP
-|-valign="top"
-|1919|| ||Sex Disqualification Act ||Children's Book Week introduced in USA || ||
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-|1920|| ||Married Women's Property Act  ||Collapse of Farrow's Bank affects thousands of small investors || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1921|| || || ||[http://www.faqs.org/nutrition/Biographies/Mellanby-Edward.html Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1922|| ||Andrew Bonar Law (Conservative) || ||BBC begins radio broadcasts ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1923|| ||Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) ||26th April Marriage of Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth ||First vaccine for diphtheria ||Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty terminated
-|-valign="top"
-|1923|| || ||||Clarence Birdseye perfects technique for freezing food||
-|-valign="top"
-|1924|| ||First Labour Government formed by James Ramsay MacDonald|| ||First Greenwich time signal broadcast ||Death of Lenin
-|-valign="top"
-|1924|| || Stanley Baldwin (Conservative)|| || ||
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-|1925|| ||[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GQ3w8QUqYJcC&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=%22Guardianship+of+Infants+Act+1925%22&source=bl&ots=vFBeLIQ4De&sig=yihpm1c5jq8ZDhgcRxqBsLwAuo8&hl=en&ei=G3RlSoHnFpSsjAfZ8KmdAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3 The Guardianship of Infants Act] || || ||
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-|1926|| || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1926_United_Kingdom_general_strike General Strike in support of coalminers]|| John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television|| Formal Legal Adoption Commenced
-|-valign="top"
-|1926|| || ||''Winnie-the-Pooh'' by A A Milne published ||First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough). ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1927|| ||Princess Elizabeth born April 21st|| ||First vaccine for tuberculosis||
-|-valign="top"
-|1927|| || || ||First vaccine for tetanus||
-|-valign="top"''
-|1928|| ||[http://www.answers.com/topic/representation-of-the-people-acts Representation of the People Act]||''House At Pooh Corner'' by A A Milne published ||Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin||
-|-valign="top"
-|1929|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald (Labour) ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Crash_of_1929 The Wall Street Crash] || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression Start of the Great Depression]
-|-valign="top"
-|1930|| || ||Princess Margaret Rose born ||Jacob Schlick's electric razor introduced || Discovery of the planet Pluto
-|-valign="top"
-|1931|| ||James Ramsay MacDonald (National Labour - National Government) || || ||
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-|1932|| || ||BBC World Service begins || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1933|| || || ||Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1933 to 1945|| ||[http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/index.htm Adolf Hitler, Chancellor and Head of state of Germany(Dictator)] || || ||
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-|1935|| ||Stanley Baldwin (Conservative - National Government) ||[http://www.britannia-driving-school.co.uk/cpages.php?pageName=history_of_driving_test Driving test introduced] ||Bra cup sizes introduced in USA ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1936||Edward VIII January to December|| |Death of George V ||First vaccine for yellow fever||||Olympic Games Berlin Germany
-|-valign="top"
-|1936||George VI (Windsor)|| ||Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary||World's first television service launched in Britain ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1937|| ||Neville Chamberlain (Conservative - National Government) || ||First vaccine for typhus||Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson
-|-valign="top"
-|1939 to 1945|| ||[[World War Two]] || ||Dupont begin producing nylon ||
-|-valign="top"
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-|1940|| || Winston Churchill (Conservative - Coalition Government) || ||Radar developed by British scientists ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1941|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1942|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1943|| || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colossus_computer Colossus, the first programmable computer, operational at Bletchley Park] ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1944|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1945|| || || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki  Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki]
-|-valign="top"
-|1945|| || Clement Attlee (Labour)|| ||First vaccine for influenza||
-|-valign="top"
-|1947|| || ||Notably severe winter in UK || ||India and Pakistan granted independence
-|-valign="top"
-|1948|| || || || ||[http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/page.cfm?pid=11586&orgid=452 The National Health Service comes into effect on the 5th of July 1948]
-|-valign="top"
-|1948|| || || || ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Blockade Berlin Blockade and Air Lift]
-|-valign="top"
-|1949|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1950|| || || || 	John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker||
-|-valign="top"
-|1951|| || Winston Churchill (Conservative) |||| || [http://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/archive/exhibits/festival/index.htm  Festival of Britain]
-|-valign="top"
-|1952||Elizabeth II|| USA tests the first hydrogen bomb|| || Jonas Salk invented polio vaccine||
-|-valign="top"
-|1953|| || || ||Paracetamol first marketed ||
-|-valign="top
-|1954|| || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_3818000/3818563.stm Rationing finally ends] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1955|| ||Sir Anthony Eden (Conservative) || ||Contraceptive pill invented by Gregor Pincus  ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1956|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis Suez Crisis] || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1957|| ||Harold Macmillan (Conservative) || || [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/4/newsid_2685000/2685115.stm First space satellite launched]||
-|-valign="top"
-|1958|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1959 to 1975|| ||[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War Vietnam War]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1959|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1960|| || || || || Cyprus gains independence from UK
-|-valign="top"
-|1961|| || || ||First manned space flight by Yuri Gagarin ||Creation of Berlin Wall
-|-valign="top"
-|1962|| || || || 	First oral polio vaccine (as an alternative to the injected vaccine)|| U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid.
-|-valign="top"
-|1963|| ||Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Conservative) ||[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/corporate/pressoffice/anniversary/winter1962-63.html Very severe winter]|| ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1963|| ||Assassination of President John F Kennedy in the USA|| || ||
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-|1964|| ||Harold Wilson (Labour) || ||First vaccine for measles||
-|-valign="top"
-|1965|| || || || || U.S. Congress passes law requiring label on cigarette packages: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking may be Hazardous to your Health."
-|-valign="top"
-|1966|| || || || ||Decimal currency and dollars in Australia
-|-valign="top"
-|1967|| || || || 	First vaccine for mumps. || South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant.
-|-valign="top"
-|1968|| ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/155500.stm USSR invades Czechoslovakia]|| || ||Martin Luther King assassinated
-|-valign="top"
-|1969|| || || || || Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon
-|-valign="top"aa
-|1970|| || Edward Heath (Conservative) || ||First vaccine for rubella. ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1971|| || || || ||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_2543000/2543665.stm Introduction of decimal currency]
-|-valign="top"
-|1973|| || || ||CAT scan invented by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack  ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1974|| ||Harold Wilson (Labour) || ||First vaccine for chicken pox.||
-|-valign="top"
-|1974|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1976|| ||James Callaghan (Labour) || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1977|| || || || 	First vaccine for pneumonia ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1978|| || || ||First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1979|| ||Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) || || ultrasound scan invented by Ian Donald  ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1980|| || || || ||W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated.
-|-valign="top"
-|1981|| || || ||First vaccine for hepatitis B. IBM Personal Computer released||
-|-valign="top"
-|1982|| || [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War Falklands War]|| || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1983|| || || || 	HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified. ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1984|| || || || 	Leprosy Vaccine made ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1985|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1986|| || || || ||Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, Ukraine
-|-valign="top"
-|1987|| || || || ||
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-|1988|| || || || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1989|| || || || Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web||[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/9/newsid_2515000/2515869.stm Fall of the Berlin Wall] <br>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvet_Revolution Velvet Revolution] in Czechoslovakia
-|-valign="top"
-|1990|| ||Nelson Mandela released from prison || || ||Reunification of Germany
-|-valign="top"
-|1990|| ||John Major (Conservative)|| || ||
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-|1991|| ||Break-up of Soviet Union || || ||
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-|1992|| || || || ||
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-|1993|| || || || ||
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-|1994|| || || || ||
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-|1995|| || || || ||
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-|1996|| || ||[http://www.britannia-driving-school.co.uk/cpages.php?pageName=history_of_driving_test Written theory section of driving test introduced] || ||
-|-valign="top"
-|1997|| ||Tony Blair (Labour) || || || ||
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-|1998|| || || || ||
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-|1999|| || || || ||
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-|-
-|}
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