Difference between revisions of "The Timeline"
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Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world. | Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world. | ||
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We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time. | We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time. | ||
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'''Related pages in The Reference Library''' | '''Related pages in The Reference Library''' | ||
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[[THE_CLASSIFIED_INDEX_OF_WIKI_PAGES|The Classified Index]] | [[THE_CLASSIFIED_INDEX_OF_WIKI_PAGES|The Classified Index]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 20:09, 7 September 2022
We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time. Related pages in The Reference Library
|
Eleventh Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1000 | Sweyn | The Mark unit of currency | West Saxon, Mercian and Danish Law governs England | ||
| 1002 | Ethelred's massacre of the Danes | ||||
| 1014 | Ethelred II The Unready | ||||
| 1016 | The Danish Viking Canute (Cnut) son of Sweyn has victory at Ashington | ||||
| 1020 | |||||
| 1028 | |||||
| 1031 | Canute's Scotland campaigns | ||||
| 1040 | |||||
| 1042 | Edward The Confessor | Edward's Court of Normandy | French & Latin courtly languages | ||
| 1050 | Westminster Abbey founded, building began | ||||
| 1065 | Harold II the last Saxon | Edward dies 5 Jan Witan declare Harold king on 6 Jan | |||
| 1066 | William I of Normandy The Conqueror 25 Dec | Battle of Hastings | Bayeux Tapestry attributed to Matilda of Flanders, William I's wife or to Bishop Odo | The Norman Conquest | |
| 1072 | Building of Durham Castle commenced | ||||
| 1075 | Uprisings of Hereford, Norfolk and Northumberland quashed | ||||
| 1077 | First Cluniac House at Lewes (Benedictine Order) | ||||
| 1079 | Building of Winchester Cathedral commenced | ||||
| 1083 | Ely Cathedral commenced on former nunnery site | ||||
| 1086 | Domesday book completed | Henry, Holy Roman Emperor & German King born (last Salian dynasty) | |||
| 1087 | William II 26 Sep | Introduction of Feudalism | Normanization of England | ||
| 1090 | |||||
| 1093 | greatest scholar is Anselm of Beck | ||||
| 1095 | First Crusade | ||||
| 1096 | William Rufus embarks on First Crusade | ||||
| 1097 | Stephen born Blois France | ||||
| 1099 | Ranierus becomes Pope Paschal II - fosters the First Crusade | ||||
| 1100 | Henry I 5th Aug | William Rufus killed while hunting | Building of Durham Cathedral commenced |
Twelfth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1105 | Ronando Bandinelli born (becomes Pope Alexander II) | ||||
| 1119 | Foundation of the Knights Templar | Pope Calixtus II | |||
| 1122 | Pope Calixtus II - Concordant of Worms | ||||
| 1123 | St Bartholomew's Hospital, London founded by Rahere | David I becomes King of Scotland | |||
| 1129 | Cistercians (Order of St. Bernard) arrive from Cheaux France | ||||
| 1132 | |||||
| 1135 | Stephen of Blois 25 Dec | ||||
| 1141 | Matilda (Maud) | Civil War | |||
| 1147 | Second Crusade | ||||
| 1150 | Pope Alexander II named as cardinal | ||||
| 1154 | Henry II Plantagenet 19 Dec | ||||
| 1162 | Thomas Becket appointed Archbishop of Canterbury | Fredrick I forced into exile by Pope Alexander II | |||
| 1163 | Building of Notre Dame in Paris begins | ||||
| 1164 | Constitution of Clarendon | ||||
| 1166 | Assize (possessory) of Clarendon | ||||
| 1170 | Henry the Young King | crowned by Archbishop of York | |||
| 1172 | Thomas Becket murdered at Canterbury Cathedral | ||||
| 1176 | Assize (possessory) of Northampton | ||||
| 1179 | Third Laterin Council by Pope Alexander III | ||||
| 1189 | Richard I 3rd Sep | Third Crusade | |||
| 1199 | John 27 May |
Thirteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1204 | Fourth Crusade | ||||
| 1215 | Signing of Magna Carta | Fourth Laterin Council
Pope Innocent III | |||
| 1216 | Henry III 28 Oct | Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9 | |||
| 1217 | Treaty of Lambeth | ||||
| 1218 | Fifth Crusade | ||||
| 1219 | Death of William the Marshal | ||||
| 1222 | Hugh de Burgh supresses an insurrection at Oxford | ||||
| 1223 | |||||
| 1224 | |||||
| 1227 | Henry takes full control of government of England. Hug de Burgh retained as principal adviser. | ||||
| 1228 | |||||
| 1230 | |||||
| 1232 | Peter de Riveaux appointed Treasurer of England | ||||
| 1236 | Henry marries Eleanor of Provence | ||||
| 1238 | Simon de Monfort marries Henry's sister, Eleanor | ||||
| 1258 | De Monfort leads the English barons to rebel | ||||
| 1258 | Henry signs the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
| 1261 | Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford | ||||
| 1262 | |||||
| 1263 | |||||
| 1264 | Battle of Lewes | ||||
| 1265 | Battle of Evesham | The poet, writer and philospher Dante born in Florence Italy | |||
| 1268 | |||||
| 1270 | Seventh Crusade | ||||
| 1272 | Edward I 20 Nov | ||||
| 1277 | English conquest of Wales begins | ||||
| 1278 | |||||
| 1279 | |||||
| 1280 | |||||
| 1282 | |||||
| 1288 | |||||
| 1290 | Death of Eleanor of Castile | Jews expelled from England | |||
| 1299 | Edward marries Margaret of France | Ottoman Empire begins |
Fourteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1300 | |||||
| 1301 | |||||
| 1302 | |||||
| 1303 | |||||
| 1304 | |||||
| 1305 | |||||
| 1306 | |||||
| 1307 | Edward II 8th July | ||||
| 1308 | Dante wrote The Divine Comedy between 1308 and 1321 | ||||
| 1309 | Papacy moves to Avignon | ||||
| 1310 | |||||
| 1314 | Battle of Bannockburn | ||||
| 1315-17 | Great Famine in Europe | ||||
| 1319 | Battle of Mytton: Scots defeat English | ||||
| 1322 | Battle of Boroughbridge: crown defeats rebels | ||||
| 1323 | Truce between Robert Bruce and Edward II but warfare continues | ||||
| 1325 | |||||
| 1327 | Edward III 25 Jan | First manuscript reference to a cannon | Death of Robert Bruce | ||
| 1333 | Battle of Halidon Hill | ||||
| 1336 | First reference to a mounted gun aboard ship | ||||
| 1337 | Guillaume de Machaut becomes canon at Rheims; composes "Messe de Notre Dame" during tenure | ||||
| 1338 | Start of 100 Years War | ||||
| 1342 | |||||
| 1346 | Battle of Crecy | ||||
| 1346 | Battle Of Neville's Cross | ||||
| 1348 | Black Death reaches Europe | A third or more of the population died as a result of the Black Death | |||
| 1356 | Battle of Poitiers | ||||
| 1377 | Richard II 22 June | Papacy returns to Rome
Guillaume de Machaut dies | |||
| 1380 | Chaucer begins The Legend of Good Women | ||||
| 1381 | The Peasants' Revolt | ||||
| 1382 | Chaucer's: The Parlement of Foules first use of rhyme royal in English Literature | ||||
| 1385 | Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde | ||||
| 1387 | Chaucer begins Canterbury Tales | ||||
| 1388 | Battle of Otterburn | ||||
| 1399 | Henry IV 30 Sep | ||||
| 1400 | Owen Glendower revolts in Wales | Chaucer dies, London, 25 Oct |
Fifteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1413 | Henry V 21 March | ||||
| 1415 | Battle of Agincourt | ||||
| 1422 | Henry VI 1st Sep | ||||
| 1440 | Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded | ||||
| 1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | ||||
| 1454 | Johannes Gutenberg uses movable type commercially | ||||
| 1455 | Start of the Wars of the Roses | ||||
| 1455 | First Battle of St Albans | Johannes Gutenberg prints 42 Line Bible in Catholic Mainz, Germany | |||
| 1456 | |||||
| 1461 | Edward IV 4th Mar | ||||
| 1470 | Henry VI | ||||
| 1471 | Edward IV | Battle of Barnet | |||
| 1476 | Caxton sets up first English printing press | ||||
| 1477 | William Caxton (first English Printer) produces Book of Curtesye & Rhymes for the Goodly Chylde | ||||
| 1483 | Edward V 9th April | ||||
| 1483 | Richard III 26 June | ||||
| 1485 | Battle of Bosworth Field | Richard III dies in battle | |||
| 1485 | Henry VII Tudor 22 Aug | ||||
| 1486 | Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster | ||||
| 1487 | |||||
| 1488 | |||||
| 1489 | |||||
| 1490 | |||||
| 1491 | Perkin Warbeck claims to be Richard, Duke of York | ||||
| 1492 | Christopher Columbus discovers America | ||||
| 1493 | |||||
| 1494 | |||||
| 1495 | First dry dock built at Portsmouth | ||||
| 1496 | First English blast furnace built in the Weald | ||||
| 1498 | Toothbrush invented in China | ||||
| 1499 | Perkin Warbeck hanged | Amergo Vespucci (Italian) explores and describes American coast |
Sixteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1502 | Death of Prince Arthur, heir to the throne | ||||
| 1503 | Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry's wife | ||||
| 1505 | |||||
| 1506 | |||||
| 1507 | |||||
| 1508 | |||||
| 1509 | Henry VIII 22 April | Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon | |||
| 1510 | |||||
| 1511 | |||||
| 1512 | |||||
| 1513 | Battle of Flodden Field | ||||
| 1514 | |||||
| 1515 | Birth of Mary I | ||||
| 1528 | |||||
| 1529 | Cardinal Wolsey accused of high treason | ||||
| 1530 | |||||
| 1531 | |||||
| 1532 | Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship | ||||
| 1533 | Henry marries Ann Boleyn and is excommunicated by the Pope | Birth of Elizabeth I | |||
| 1534 | Act of Supremacy passed | ||||
| 1535 | |||||
| 1536 | Execution of Anne Boleyn | Act of Union between Wales and England | |||
| 1537 | Jane Seymour dies | ||||
| 1538 | Parish Registers started | ||||
| 1539 | |||||
| 1540 | |||||
| 1541 | |||||
| 1542 | |||||
| 1543 | Robert Record writes The Ground of Arts, the first ever English mathematics textbook | Six Books of Copernicus: The Revolutions (laws) of the Heavenly Orbs published in the year of his death | |||
| 1544 | |||||
| 1545 | |||||
| 1546 | First civil divorce in England | ||||
| 1547 | Edward VI 28 Jan | ||||
| 1548 | |||||
| 1549 | First Act of Uniformity passed, making Roman Catholic mass illegal | The First Book of Common Prayer issued | |||
| 1550 | |||||
| 1551 | |||||
| 1552 | |||||
| 1553 | Jane 6th July | ||||
| 1553 | Mary I 19 July | ||||
| 1554 | Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain 25 July | Execution of Lady Jane Grey | |||
| 1555 | |||||
| 1557 | The Stationers Company controls English book publication | ||||
| 1558 | Elizabeth I 17 Nov | ||||
| 1559 | Second Act of Supremacy | ||||
| 1560 | |||||
| 1561 | |||||
| 1562 | Sumptuary law restricts hose, ruffs and swords | ||||
| 1563 to 1564 | Bubonic Plague in London | ||||
| 1564 | William Shakespeare baptised 26 April in Statford-upon-Avon Warwickshire | Galileo born | |||
| 1565 | |||||
| 1568 | Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth | ||||
| 1571 | |||||
| 1575 | |||||
| 1577 | Francis Drake circumnavigates the worldto 1580 | ||||
| 1578 | |||||
| 1579 | |||||
| 1580 | |||||
| 1585 | Roanoke (North America) first Englsih colony founded by Sir Thomas Raleigh | ||||
| 1586 | Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial | Famine in England - gave rise to Poor Law system | |||
| 1587 | Execution of Mary Queen of Scots | ||||
| 1588 | Spanish Armada | ||||
| 1589 | William Byrd Elizabethan Composer creates Cantione Sacrae | Stocking Frame invented by William Lee | |||
| 1590 | First part of Edmund Spenser's The Fairie Queen published | ||||
| 1597 | Tagliacozzi publishes his plastic surgery techiques | ||||
| 1598 | Bishops' Transcripts introduced | ||||
| 1599 | Richard Burbage, William Shakespeare & others build the Globe Theatre in London | ||||
| 1600 | Heels on shoes became common in Europe | East India Company founded |
Seventeenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS AND CONFLICTS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1601 | Poor Law Act Relief granted to paupers only in their parish of legal settlement | Orphans and paupers' children become apprentices (see Poor Law Act) | |||
| 1602 | |||||
| 1603 | James I Stuart 24 March | ||||
| 1604 | |||||
| 1605 | Gunpowder Plot | William Byrd Elizabethan composer creates Gradualia | |||
| 1606 | |||||
| 1607 | Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers | Tidal wave and flood in Bristol Channel kills 2000 people | Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA | ||
| 1608 | John Milton (poet) born | Quebec city founded | |||
| 1609 | Johannes Kepler publishes Astromia Nova, Kepler's first two Laws of Planetary Motion | ||||
| 1609 | Galileo looks at the sky with a telescope | ||||
| 1610 | Authorized Version of Bible | ||||
| 1611 | |||||
| 1612 | Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid | 10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft | |||
| 1613 | Globe Theatre London burns down | ||||
| 1614 | Globe Theatre rebuilt by June | John Napier publishes book of logarithms | New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam) | ||
| 1615 | |||||
| 1616 | Shakespeare dies 23 April at Statford-upon-Avon | ||||
| 1617 | Napier's bones, a calculating tool, invented | ||||
| 1618 | |||||
| 1619 | Francis Bacon made Lord Chancellor | Kepler publishes Harmonices Mundi, his Third Law of Planetary Motion | |||
| 1620 | Francis Bacon publishes Novum Organum | Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England | |||
| 1621 | |||||
| 1622 | |||||
| 1623 | |||||
| 1624 | Fire destroys much of Dunfermline | ||||
| 1625 | Charles I 27 March | ||||
| 1626 | |||||
| 1627 | England goes to war with France | ||||
| 1628 | William Harvey publishes An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals | ||||
| 1629 | 11 years rule without Parliament commences | ||||
| 1630 | |||||
| 1631 | |||||
| 1632 | |||||
| 1633 | Milton's On the Morning of Christ's Nativity first poem in English | ||||
| 1634 | First writs for Ship Money issued | Smallpox epidemic | |||
| 1635 | Smallpox epidemic | 18th Sept Emperor Ferdinand II declares War on France | |||
| 1636 | |||||
| 1637 | John Hampden tried for non-payment of Ship Money | New Prayer Book introduced in Scotland | |||
| 1638 | |||||
| 1639 | First Bishops War against Scots | ||||
| 1640 | Second Bishops war Battle of Newburn Ford | Most of Gentry and Merchant classes literate | |||
| 1641 | Star Chamber and Court of High Commission abolished | Protestation Returns required by Parliament | |||
| 1641 | Irish Rebellion | ||||
| 1642 to 1651 | English Civil Wars | ||||
| 1642 | Royalists victory at Powick Bridge 23 Sep | Theatre banned (until 1660) | Birth of Isaac Newton | ||
| 1642 | Royalist advantage after Battle of Edgehill 23 Oct | ||||
| 1643 | Crown controls Cornwall after Battle of Braddock Down 19 Jan | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Hopton Heath 16 Mar | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Stratton 16 May | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Chalgrove 17 Jun | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Adwalton Manor 30 Jun | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Roundway Down 13 Jul | ||||
| 1643 | Battle of Newbury 20 Sep | ||||
| 1643 | Parliament win Battle of Winceby 11 Oct | ||||
| 1644 | Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan | ||||
| 1644 | Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar | Globe Theatre destroyed by Puritans | |||
| 1644 | Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June | ||||
| 1644 | Battle of Marston Moor 2 July | Parliament bans Christmas (lasts until Restoration) | |||
| 1645 | |||||
| 1646 | |||||
| 1647 | George Fox's spiritual revelation that leads to founding Quakers | ||||
| 1648 | Frondes civil wars in France | ||||
| January 1649 | Regicide of Charles I | England declared a republic | |||
| 1649 to 1660 | Interregnum | Possible gaps in Parish records | |||
| 1649 | Irish royalists defeated at Wexford and the Siege of Drogheda | ||||
| 1650 | Scots royalists defeated at Dunbar | First coffee-house opened in England | Cape Town founded | ||
| 1651 | Scots royalists defeated at Worcester | Charles II flees into exile | |||
| 1652 to 1654 | First Dutch War | ||||
| 1652 | Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House | ||||
| 1653 | Oliver Cromwell | Great fire of Malborough | |||
| 1654 | |||||
| 1655 | Parliament dismissed. Country divided into 11 districts, each with a Major-General | Jamaica captured from the Spanish | |||
| 1656 | |||||
| 1657 | Milton's Paradise Lost published | ||||
| 1658 | Richard Cromwell | Oliver Cromwell dies | |||
| 1659 | |||||
| 1660 | Charles II | Royal Society formed | Samuel Pepys begins diary | ||
| 1661 | The Corporation Act | Malpighi discovers capillaries | |||
| 1662 | Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement) | The parish responsible for the relief of the poor | |||
| 1662 | Act of Uniformity | Charles II marries Catherine of Braganza | Book of Common Prayer (the current traditional C of E prayer book) | ||
| 1662 | The Quaker Act | ||||
| 1662 to 1689 | Hearth Tax in England | ||||
| 1663 | Mens' wigs become fashionable | ||||
| 1664 | Conventicle Act | ||||
| 1665-67 | 2nd Dutch War | The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published The Convertide Act The Five Mile Act | |||
| 1665 | Five Mile Act | Great Plague | |||
| 1666 | Great Fire of London | Isaac Newton's annus mirabilis | |||
| 1666 | The Oxford Gazette becomes the London Gazette | ||||
| 1667 | John Milton writes Paradise Lost | ||||
| 1668 | Newton invents reflecting telescope | Bombay granted to East India Company | |||
| 1669 | Christopher Wren appointed Surveyor General | ||||
| 1670 | Secret Treaty of Dover | Milton's The History of Britain | |||
| 1671 | |||||
| 1672-74 | 3rd Dutch War | ||||
| 1673 | Test Act | ||||
| 1674 | John Milton (poet) dies | ||||
| 1675 | John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal | Royal Observatory established at Greenwich | |||
| 1676 | Great Fire of Southwark | St Paul's Cathedral begun by Sir Christopher Wren | |||
| 1677 | Act for burying in Woollen | ||||
| 1678 | Popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates | Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan | |||
| 1679 | Habeas Corpus Act | ||||
| 1680 | William Dockwra establishes the penny post | Anton van Leeuwenhoek refines the microscope and Royal Society accept his observations on single cell organisms | |||
| 1681 | Charles II offered sanctuary to the Huguenots | ||||
| 1682 | Pennsylvania founded | ||||
| 1683 | |||||
| 1684 | |||||
| 1685 | James II 6th Feb | Battle of Sedgmoor | Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England | Johann Sebastian Bach born
Georg Friedrich Handel born Halle Germany | |
| 1687 | Newton publishes Principia | ||||
| 1688 | The Glorious Revolution | ||||
| 1689 | William III Prince of Orange and Mary II 13 Feb | Battle of Killiecrankie | Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters | ||
| 1690 | First bicycle appears in France - the celerifere | ||||
| 1692 | Glencoe Massacre | Salem witch trials in Massachusetts | |||
| 1693 | National Debt founded | Land tax first introduced | |||
| 1694 | Death of Mary II; William III rules alone 28 Dec | Foundation of the Bank of England | |||
| 1695 | Press licensing abandoned in England (freedom of the press) | ||||
| 1696 | Window Tax introduced | ||||
| 1697 | St Paul's Cathedral opened | ||||
| 1698 | Sir Isacc Newton calculates the speed of sound | ||||
| 1699 | |||||
| 1700 |
Eighteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1701 | Act of Settlement | Jethro Tull invents the seed drill | |||
| 1702 | Anne 08 March | War of Spanish Succession starts | The Daily Courant published - first daily newspaper | ||
| 1703 | The Great Storm of 1703 | ||||
| 1704 | Battle of Blenheim | ||||
| 1705 | The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona | Newcomen invents first practical steam engine | |||
| 1706 | Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles | ||||
| 1707 | Act of Union | ||||
| 1708 | Capture of Minorca | Prince George of Denmark, Anne's husband, dies | |||
| 1709 | First piano built by Bartolommeo Cristofori in Florence | ||||
| 1710 | |||||
| 1711 | |||||
| 1712 | |||||
| 1713 | The Treaty of Utrecht | ||||
| 1714 | George I Elector of Hannover 01 August | End of the War of Spanish Succession | Mercury thermometer invented by Gabriel Fahrenheit | ||
| 1715 | Jacobite Rebellion defeated | ||||
| 1716 | The Septennial Act (General Elections to be held every 7 years) | ||||
| 1717 | |||||
| 1718 | Thomas Lombe's silk spinning patent | ||||
| 1719 | Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe published | ||||
| 1720 | South Sea Bubble burst | ||||
| 1721 | Robert Walpole becomes the first Prime Minister (Whig) | ||||
| 1722 | Daniel Defoe 's A Journal of the Plague Year & Colonial Jack published | ||||
| 1723 | |||||
| 1726 | Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift published | Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I | |||
| 1727 | George II 11 June | Death of Sir Isaac Newton | |||
| 1733 | Kay's flying shuttle | ||||
| 1736 | Witchcraft finally abolished as a crime | ||||
| 1737 | Death of Queen Caroline | ||||
| 1738 | Methodism begins | ||||
| 1739 | War of Jenkins Ear | ||||
| 1740 | War of the Austrian Succession | ||||
| 1742 | Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington (Whig) | Henry Fielding publishes Joseph Andrews | Sheffield flatware (cutlery) developed by Thomas Boulsover | ||
| 1743 | Henry Pelham (Whig) | ||||
| 1744 | John Newbery first to publish Children's Literature A Pretty Pocket Book | ||||
| 1745 | 2nd Jacobite rebellion | ||||
| 1746 | Battle of Culloden | ||||
| 1747 | James Lind, a Scottish naval surgeon, discovers that citrus fruits prevent scurvy | ||||
| 1748 | Tobias George Smollet publishes The Adventures of Roderick Random | ||||
| 1149 | Fielding publishes Tom Jones Samuel Johnson published poem A Vanity of Human Wishes | ||||
| 1750 | London earth tremors cause panic Samuel Johnson produces The Rambler essays (1750-52) | ||||
| 1751 | Fielding publishes Amelia Tobias Smollet publishes The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle | ' | |||
| 1752 | Gregorian calendar introduced | ||||
| 1753 | Foundation of the British Museum | Marriage Act | |||
| 1754 | Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) | ||||
| 1755 | War with France | Samuel Johnson published The Dictionary (English) | |||
| 1756 | William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire (Whig) | Marine Society founded | |||
| 1756 to 1763 | Seven Years' War | ||||
| 1755 | Black Hole of Calcutta | ||||
| 1757 | Battle of Plassey | William Blake born | |||
| 1758 | Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of Newcastle (Whig) | ||||
| 1759 | Georg Friedrich Handel dies | ||||
| 1760 | George III 25 Oct | ||||
| 1762 | John Stuart, Earl of Bute (Tory) | Oliver Goldsmith's essay The Citizen of the World or Letters from a Chinese Philospher published | |||
| 1763 | George Grenville (Whig) | August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest | |||
| 1764 | Oliver Goldsmith publishes The Travellor | ||||
| 1765 | Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig) | John Newbery prints A history of Goody Two Shoes; Mother Goose's Melody | |||
| 1766 | William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham (Whig) | The Vicar of Wakefield by Oliver Goldsmith published | |||
| 1767 | Augustus Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton (Whig) | ||||
| 1768 | Royal Academy of Arts founded | Spinning jenny | |||
| 1770 | Frederick North, Lord North (Tory) | Cook charts New South Wales
Ludwig van Beethoven born in Bonn | |||
| 1773 | Boston Tea Party | Oliver Goldsmith's play She Stoops to Conquer appears | |||
| 1774 | Discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley | ||||
| 1775 | American War of Independence | John Harrisson's chronometer finally given prize by Parliament | James Watt develops improved steam engine | ||
| 1776 | Bridgewater canal completed | American Declaration of Independence | |||
| 1778 | First iron bridge built | ||||
| 1778 | Bramah's flushing watercloset patented | ||||
| 1779 to 1783 | Siege of Gibraltar | ||||
| 1779 | Crompton's Mule | ||||
| 1780 | 4th Anglo-Dutch war | Gordon Riots in London | |||
| 1781 | |||||
| 1782 | Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (Whig) | ||||
| 1782 | William FitzMaurice, Earl of Shelburne (Whig) | ||||
| 1783 | William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory) | Britain recognises U.S. independence | |||
| 1783 | William Pitt the Younger (Tory) | ||||
| 1784 | William Blake opens own print shop; | Blake invents relief etching as a print/publishing form | |||
| 1785 | Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England | Cartwright's Power Loom | |||
| 1786 | Beginning of gas lighting | ||||
| 1787 | The Constitution (United States of America) declared | ||||
| 1788 | Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) dies in Rome | ||||
| 1788 | Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet in Sydney Cove | ||||
| 1789 | French Revolution | ||||
| 1791 | Publication of The Rights of Man by Thomas Paine | The Board of Ordnance started mapping southern Britain | |||
| 1793 | War with France | Joseph Preistley discovered nitrous oxide (laughing gas) | |||
| 1794 | William Blake writes and prints Songs of Innocence and Experience | ||||
| 1796 to 1808 | Anglo-Spanish War | ||||
| 1796 | Grand Junction (Union) Canal opens | ||||
| 1796 | Jenner develops smallpox vaccine | ||||
| 1798 | Nelson wins Battle of the Nile | Beethoven writes Pathetique | Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada | ||
| 1800 | Sir Humphry Davy announces the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide | Census Act |
Nineteenth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 | Regents Canal opens | Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians) | |||
| 1801 | Henry Addington (Tory) | Earl of Mansfield's monument completed by John Flaxman | First Ordnance Survey map published, the 1 inch map of Kent | ||
| 1802 | John Flaxman illustrates Dantes' The Divine Comedy | ||||
| 1804 | William Pitt the Younger (Tory) | World's first steam-hauled railway journey at Merthyr Tydfil,Wales | |||
| 1805 | Battle of Trafalgar | ||||
| 1806 | William Grenville, Lord Grenville (Whig) | State funeral of Lord Nelson | Birth of Isambard Kingdom Brunel | ||
| 1807 | Abolition of Slavery Act | ||||
| 1807 | William Bentinck, Duke of Portland (Tory) | ||||
| 1808 to 1814 | Peninsular War | ||||
| 1809 | Spencer Perceval (Tory) | First 'free' settlers to NSW | |||
| 1810 | First curry house opens in England | ||||
| 1811 | Prince George appointed Regent when his father's health deteriorates (porphyria) | Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility published | Census 27th May (of limited use to family historians) | ||
| 1812-15 | Anglo-American War | ||||
| 1812 | Spencer Perceval PM assassinated | First commercial European paddle steamer | Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes | ||
| 1812 | Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (Tory) | ||||
| 1813 | Publication of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen | ||||
| 1814 | Publication of Mansfield Park by Jane Austen | ||||
| 1815 | Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo | Emma by Jane Ausen published | Leeds Liverpool canal completed | ||
| 1816 | Davy lamp improves mining safety | Year without a summer following volcanic eruption | |||
| 1816 | René Laënnec invents the stethoscope | ||||
| 1816 | The draisine (bicycle) appears in Germany | ||||
| 1817 | Jane Austen's Persuasion and Northanger Abbey published postumously | ||||
| 1818 | Nelson's monument completed by John Flaxman | James Blundell, British obstetrician, performs the first successful human blood transfusion | Death of Queen Charlotte | ||
| 1818 | Curride (bicycle) appears in England (known as the hobbyhorse) | ||||
| 1819 | Peterloo Massacre | Jacques Offenbach French Composer born | |||
| 1820 | George IV 29 Jan | Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy | |||
| 1821 | Census May 28th (of limited value to family historians) | ||||
| 1822 | Birth of Louis Pasteur | Caledonian Canal completed | |||
| 1823 | |||||
| 1824 | |||||
| 1825 | First railway, Stockton-Darlington | ||||
| 1826 | Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire | First steamship crosses Atlantic | |||
| 1827 | George Canning (Tory) | Endoscope invented by Pierre Segalas | |||
| 1827 | Frederick Robinson, Viscount Goderich (Tory) | Ludwig van Beethoven dies | |||
| 1828 | Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) | ||||
| 1829 | The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs | Metropolitan Police established | Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive | WA declared British possession | |
| 1830 | William IV 26 June | Charles Grey, Earl Grey (Whig ) | Liverpool & Midlands Railway opens | ||
| 1831 | Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians) | ||||
| 1831 to 1832 | First Cholera Epidemic | ||||
| 1832 | The Reform Bill of 1832 | ||||
| 1833 | Slavery Abolition Act | ||||
| 1834 | Poor Law Amendment Act | Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia | |||
| 1834 | William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) | ||||
| 1834 | Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (Tory) | ||||
| 1834 | Sir Robert Peel (Tory) | ||||
| 1835 | William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (Whig) | ||||
| 1836 | Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure | Charles Dickens serializes The Pickwick Papers | |||
| 1837 | Victoria 20 June | Electric Telegraph invented | Civil Registration introduced | ||
| 1837 | Alfred Bird invents custard powder | ||||
| 1838 | Chartism:The People's Petition | Daguerrotype photographical process | Public Record Office established | ||
| 1839 to 1842 | First Afghan War | ||||
| 1839 | Foundation of the anti-Corn Law League | Macmillan produces the self propelled hobbyhorse | |||
| 1840 | Charles Booth, Ship owner and Sociologist born | ||||
| 1840 | Uniform Penny Post introduced | Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | |||
| 1841 | Sir Robert Peel (Tory) | Thomas Cook travel company founded | London-Brighton railway completed | Census: 6th June | |
| 1842 | Income Tax Act | Income tax re-introduced | Invention of Kilner jar enables easier home preservation of fruit and vegetables | ||
| 1843 | Rebecca riots in Wales | ||||
| 1844 | Nitrous oxide first used as an anesthetic by Dr. Horace Wells, American dentist | ||||
| 1844 | Safety match invented in Sweden | ||||
| 1845 | Start of the Irish Potato Famine | RW Thompson (UK) patents the pneumatic tyre but no vehicles suitable to make it a commercial success! | Emigration from Ireland rises steeply | ||
| 1845 to 1872 | New Zealand Colonial Wars | ||||
| 1846 | Lord John Russell (Whig) Repeal of the Corn Laws | Dickens publishes Dombey and Son (1846-48) | Hans Christian Anderson's stories translated into English | ||
| 1847 | First use of chloroform in childbirth | Greenwich Mean Time adopted across mainland Great Britain | |||
| 1848 to 1849 | 2nd Cholera Epidemic | ||||
| 1848 | 1st Public Health Act | Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood | First aircraft to fly under its own power in Chard, Somerset | Influx of academic and middle class Europeans to London | |
| 1849 | Dickens releases David Copperfield | ||||
| 1850 | First Public Library Act | First convicts arrive in Perth 'Scindian' | |||
| 1851 | The Great Exhibition | Australian Gold Rush | Census: 30th March | ||
| 1852 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum) | |||
| 1852 | George Hamilton-Gordon, Earl of Aberdeen (Conservative) | Dickens releases Bleak House 1852-1853 | |||
| 1853 | 3rd Cholera Epidemic | ||||
| 1853 | Compulsory Vaccination Act | Jacques Offenbach composes and performs Pepito | Alexander Wood invents hypodermic syringe | ||
| 1854 to 1856 | The Crimean War | Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War | |||
| 1854 | Broad Street cholera outbreak | John Snow discovers cause of cholera | |||
| 1854 | Dickens publishes Hard Times | ||||
| 1855 | Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) | Dickens releases Little Dorrit | Civil Registration introduced in Scotland | ||
| 1856 | Crinoline becomes popular | Synthetic dyes invented | |||
| 1856 | Cage crinoline invented | Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production | |||
| 1856 | First commercial production of condensed milk | ||||
| 1857 | The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum) | Matrimonial Causes Act | |||
| 1858 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | ||||
| 1858 | Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) | Secular Court of Probate created | |||
| 1858 | Jews permitted to become MPs | ||||
| 1859 | Louis Pasteur paper published suggesting that microorganisms may cause many human and animal diseases | Charles Darwin’s On The Origin Of Species published | |||
| 1860 | |||||
| 1861 | Death of Prince Albert from typhoid | Census: 7th April | |||
| 1861 to 1865 | American Civil War | Lancashire Cotton Famine | |||
| 1862 | |||||
| 1863 | Formation of Football Association | First underground railway opens in London | |||
| 1864 | First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol | Dickens serializes Our Mutual Friend until 1865 | |||
| 1864 | First diagnosis of swine fever in Bristol | ||||
| 1865 to 1866 | 4th Cholera Epidemic | ||||
| 1865 | Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act' | Great Cattle Plague to 1857 | |||
| 1865 | John Russell, Earl Russell (Liberal) | Lewis Carrol (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) published Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | |||
| 1866 | Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby (Conservative) | ||||
| 1867 | Second Reform Act - number of voters doubled | Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery | Suez canal opens. First commercially successful typewriter invented | ||
| 1868 | Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) | Lousia Alcott's Little Women published | Last convicts transported to Western Australia | ||
| 1868 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Jacques Offenbach composes Orpheus of the Underworld | Margarine invented in France by Hippolyte Mege-Mouriez | ||
| 1870 | Education Act makes primary education compulsory | First Barnardo's Home opens | |||
| 1870 | Charles Dickens dies and The Mystery of Edwin Drood published postumously | Germ theory of disease established by Robert Kock and Louis Pasteur | |||
| 1871 | Trade Unions legalized | Lewis Carroll's Through The Looking Glass and what Alice Found There published | James Starling invents pennyfarthing bicycle ("highwheeler") | Census: 2nd April | |
| 1871 | Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree, entrepreneur and philanthropist born | ||||
| 1872 | 2nd Public Health Act introduced | Compulsory vaccination against smallpox introduced | |||
| 1873 | |||||
| 1874 | Benjamin Disraeli (Conservative) | Bustles begin to be fashionable | |||
| 1875 | 3rd and 4th Public Health Act introduced and were compulsory | First electric dental drill patented by George Green | |||
| 1876 | New Central Committee of Nation Society for Women's Suffrage founded Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer published | Both Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell file patents for the telephone | |||
| 1877 | First Lawn Tennis Championship at Wimbledon | Edison invents phonograph | |||
| 1878 | Joseph Swan invents and patents the electric light bulb | ||||
| 1878 to 1880 | Second Afghan War | ||||
| 1879 | Zulu War | First vaccine for Cholera introduced | |||
| 1880 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Jacques Offenbach composes The Tales of Hoffman | |||
| 1880 to 1881 | First Boer War | Death of Jacques Offenbach | |||
| 1881 | Some women granted the vote in the Isle of Man | First vaccine for anthrax introduced | Census: 3rd April | ||
| 1883 | Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island published | First electric railway opens in Brighton | 20 May eruption of Krakatoa Cholera Epidemic in India | ||
| 1884 | Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published | ||||
| 1885 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | Robert Louis Stevenson's A Child's Garden of Verse published | Modern style chain driven bicycle invented Benz builds first motor car | ||
| 1886 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | Coca Cola invented in USA by Dr John Stith Pemberton | |||
| 1886 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | R L Stevenson's Kidnapped Published | |||
| 1887 | Adolf Frick invents contact lenses | Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee | |||
| 1888 | Oscar Wilde's The Happy Prince and Other Tales published | ||||
| 1890 | Antitoxins discovered by Emil von Behring who used them to develop tetanus and diphtheria vaccines | ||||
| 1891 | Census: 5th April | ||||
| 1892 | William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal) | ||||
| 1893 | First Matabele War | Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph | |||
| 1894 | Earl of Rosebery (Liberal) | ||||
| 1895 | Marquess of Salisbury (Conservative) | Rontgen discovers X rays | |||
| 1896 | Second Matabele War | First vaccine for typhoid fever | |||
| 1897 | First vaccine for plague | Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee | |||
| 1898 | Marie Curie (1867-1934) discovers radioactive substances | ||||
| 1899 | Women gain the right to vote in Western Australia | Museum of South Kensington becomes the Victoria and Albert Museum | Bayer begin marketing Aspirin |
Twentieth Century
| YEAR | MONARCH | POLITICAL EVENTS, CONFLICTS AND PRIME MINISTERS | SOCIAL HISTORY AND EPIDEMICS | INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES | NOTABLE EVENTS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Peter Rabbit published | |||||
| 1901 | Queen Victoria died 22nd Jan | Satori Kato invents powdered instant coffee | Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research opens in New York City | |||
| 1901 | Edward VII | The existence of different human blood types discovered by Karl Landsteiner | Australia granted dominion status | |||
| 1901 | Census 1st April | |||||
| 1902 | Arthur Balfour (Conservative) | Beatrix Potter's The Tale of Gloucester published | Marmite first produced in Burton on Trent | Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty, first signed on 30th January | ||
| 1903 | Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first manned flight | |||||
| 1903 | Willem Einthoven invents electrocardiograph, King Camp Gillette invents the safety razor | |||||
| 1905 | Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal) | |||||
| 1906 | Diagnostic test for syphilis introduced by German researcher August von Wasserman. | San Francisco earthquake | ||||
| 1907 | First mention of a brassiere in Vogue | Skin test for TB introduced by Clemens Von Pirquet. | New Zealand granted dominion status | |||
| 1907 | First successful human blood transfusion using Landsteiner's ABO blood typing technique | |||||
| 1908 | Herbert H. Asquith (Liberal Coalition) | The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame published | 4th Olympic Games held in London | |||
| 1908 | Women's Suffrage bill carried by 179 votes | Triple Entente between Russia, France and Great Britain signed | ||||
| 1909 | Old age pension introduced in Britain | National Committee for Mental Hygiene founded to promote prevention and cure of mental diseases. | ||||
| 1909 | Labour Exchange system introduced | |||||
| 1910 | George V | First large scale production of rayon | ||||
| 1911 | National Insurance Act | Census 2nd April | ||||
| 1912 | Suffragette newspaper founded by the Pankhursts | Sinking of the Titanic First Blackpool illuminations | ||||
| 1913 | Senghenydd Colliery Disaster | |||||
| 1914 to 1918 | World War One | Sinking of the Lusitania | ||||
| 1914 | Suffragettes suspended militancy and joined war effort | |||||
| 1915 | Coalition government formed | |||||
| 1916 | David Lloyd George (Liberal - Coalition Government) | |||||
| 1916 | Battle of the Somme | |||||
| 1917 | Russian Revolution | |||||
| 1918 | Qualification of Women Act | Influenza pandemic | First opportunity for women to vote | |||
| 1919 | Third Afghan War (May-Aug) | Ernest Rutherford splits the atom | Lady Astor becomes the first woman MP | |||
| 1919 | Sex Disqualification Act | Children's Book Week introduced in USA | ||||
| 1920 | Married Women's Property Act | Collapse of Farrow's Bank affects thousands of small investors | ||||
| 1921 | Edward Mellanby discovers vitamin D | |||||
| 1922 | Andrew Bonar Law (Conservative) | BBC begins radio broadcasts | ||||
| 1923 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) | 26th April Marriage of Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth | First vaccine for diphtheria | Anglo Japanese Alliance treaty terminated | ||
| 1923 | Clarence Birdseye perfects technique for freezing food | |||||
| 1924 | First Labour Government formed by James Ramsay MacDonald | First Greenwich time signal broadcast | Death of Lenin | |||
| 1924 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative) | |||||
| 1925 | The Guardianship of Infants Act | |||||
| 1926 | General Strike in support of coalminers | John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television | Formal Legal Adoption Commenced | |||
| 1926 | Winnie-the-Pooh by A A Milne published | First vaccine for pertussis (whooping cough). | ||||
| 1927 | Princess Elizabeth born April 21st | First vaccine for tuberculosis | ||||
| 1927 | First vaccine for tetanus | |||||
| 1928 | Representation of the People Act | House At Pooh Corner by A A Milne published | Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin | |||
| 1929 | James Ramsay MacDonald (Labour) | The Wall Street Crash | Start of the Great Depression | |||
| 1930 | Princess Margaret Rose born | Jacob Schlick's electric razor introduced | Discovery of the planet Pluto | |||
| 1931 | James Ramsay MacDonald (National Labour - National Government) | |||||
| 1932 | BBC World Service begins | |||||
| 1933 | Manfred Sakel discovers insulin shock therapy | |||||
| 1933 to 1945 | Adolf Hitler, Chancellor and Head of state of Germany(Dictator) | |||||
| 1935 | Stanley Baldwin (Conservative - National Government) | Driving test introduced | Bra cup sizes introduced in USA | |||
| 1936 | Edward VIII January to December | Death of George V | First vaccine for yellow fever | Olympic Games Berlin Germany | ||
| 1936 | George VI (Windsor) | Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary | World's first television service launched in Britain | |||
| 1937 | Neville Chamberlain (Conservative - National Government) | First vaccine for typhus | Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson | |||
| 1939 to 1945 | World War Two | Dupont begin producing nylon | ||||
| 1940 | Winston Churchill (Conservative - Coalition Government) | Radar developed by British scientists | ||||
| 1941 | ||||||
| 1942 | ||||||
| 1943 | Colossus, the first programmable computer, operational at Bletchley Park | |||||
| 1944 | ||||||
| 1945 | Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | |||||
| 1945 | Clement Attlee (Labour) | First vaccine for influenza | ||||
| 1947 | Notably severe winter in UK | India and Pakistan granted independence | ||||
| 1948 | The National Health Service comes into effect on the 5th of July 1948 | |||||
| 1948 | Berlin Blockade and Air Lift | |||||
| 1949 | ||||||
| 1950 | John Hopps invented the first cardiac pacemaker | |||||
| 1951 | Winston Churchill (Conservative) | Festival of Britain | ||||
| 1952 | Elizabeth II | USA tests the first hydrogen bomb | Jonas Salk invented polio vaccine | |||
| 1953 | Paracetamol first marketed | |||||
| 1954 | Rationing finally ends | |||||
| 1955 | Sir Anthony Eden (Conservative) | Contraceptive pill invented by Gregor Pincus | ||||
| 1956 | Suez Crisis | |||||
| 1957 | Harold Macmillan (Conservative) | First space satellite launched | ||||
| 1958 | ||||||
| 1959 to 1975 | Vietnam War | |||||
| 1959 | ||||||
| 1960 | Cyprus gains independence from UK | |||||
| 1961 | First manned space flight by Yuri Gagarin | Creation of Berlin Wall | ||||
| 1962 | First oral polio vaccine (as an alternative to the injected vaccine) | U.S. Congress passes legislation creating Medicare and Medicaid. | ||||
| 1963 | Sir Alec Douglas-Home (Conservative) | Very severe winter | ||||
| 1963 | Assassination of President John F Kennedy in the USA | |||||
| 1964 | Harold Wilson (Labour) | First vaccine for measles | ||||
| 1965 | U.S. Congress passes law requiring label on cigarette packages: "Warning: Cigarette Smoking may be Hazardous to your Health." | |||||
| 1966 | Decimal currency and dollars in Australia | |||||
| 1967 | First vaccine for mumps. | South African heart surgeon Dr. Christiaan Barnard performs the first human heart transplant. | ||||
| 1968 | USSR invades Czechoslovakia | Martin Luther King assassinated | ||||
| 1969 | Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon | |||||
| 1970 | Edward Heath (Conservative) | First vaccine for rubella. | ||||
| 1971 | Introduction of decimal currency | |||||
| 1973 | CAT scan invented by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack | |||||
| 1974 | Harold Wilson (Labour) | First vaccine for chicken pox. | ||||
| 1974 | ||||||
| 1976 | James Callaghan (Labour) | |||||
| 1977 | First vaccine for pneumonia | |||||
| 1978 | First test-tube baby is born in the U.K. | |||||
| 1979 | Margaret Thatcher (Conservative) | ultrasound scan invented by Ian Donald | ||||
| 1980 | W.H.O. (World Health Organization) announces smallpox is eradicated. | |||||
| 1981 | First vaccine for hepatitis B. IBM Personal Computer released | |||||
| 1982 | Falklands War | |||||
| 1983 | HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is identified. | |||||
| 1984 | Leprosy Vaccine made | |||||
| 1985 | ||||||
| 1986 | Nuclear disaster at Chernobyl, Ukraine | |||||
| 1987 | ||||||
| 1988 | ||||||
| 1989 | Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web | Fall of the Berlin Wall Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia | ||||
| 1990 | Nelson Mandela released from prison | Reunification of Germany | ||||
| 1990 | John Major (Conservative) | |||||
| 1991 | Break-up of Soviet Union | |||||
| 1992 | ||||||
| 1993 | ||||||
| 1994 | ||||||
| 1995 | ||||||
| 1996 | Written theory section of driving test introduced | |||||
| 1997 | Tony Blair (Labour) | |||||
| 1998 | ||||||
| 1999 |
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