Difference between revisions of "The Timeline"

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Revision as of 15:23, 16 June 2009

Time title.jpg


Our ancestors (like us) were shaped by the world they lived in and the sudden movement of a family, for example, from their birthplace to another part of the country could be explained by what was happening in the wider world.


We hope that this historical timeline will help you to put the personal life of your ancestors in context with the social and political situation of the time.


Anyone is welcome to add events to the timeline. Please read Adding an event to the timeline before you start.


If you have any problems, you can ask for help on The Timeline Project or contact the co-ordinator Elizabeth Herts.


Related pages

General History

Creating Your Family Tree

The Classified Index of Wiki Pages






Eleventh.jpg

Eleventh Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1066 William the Conqueror Battle of Hastings
1086 Domesday book completed
1087 William II
1095 First Crusade
1100 Henry I William Rufus killed while hunting


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Twelfth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1119 Foundation of the Knights Templar
1120 Henry I's heir drowns in shipwreck
1123 St Bartholomews Hospital, London founded by Rahere
1124 David I becomes King of Scotland
1135 Stephen
1141 Matilda Civil War
1147 Second Crusade
1154 Henry II
1170 Henry the Young King
1189 Richard I Third Crusade
1199 John


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Twelfth.jpg

Thirteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1204 Fourth Crusade
1215 Signing of Magna Carta
1216 Henry III Two regents, William the Marshal and Hubert de Burgh, rule as Henry is only 9
1217 Treaty of Lambeth
1218 Henry III Fifth Crusade
1219 Death of William the Marshal
1222 Hugh de Burgh supresses an insurrection at Oxford
1223
1224
1227 Henry takes full control of government of England. Hug de Burgh retained as principal adviser.
1216
1216
1232 Peter des Riveaux appointed Treasurer of England
1236 Henry marries Eleanor of Provence
1238 Simon de Monfort marries Henry's sister, Eleanor
1258 De Monfort leads the English barons to rebel.
1258 Henry signs the Provisions of Oxford
1261 Henry repudiates the Provisions of Oxford
1262
1263
1264 Battle of Lewes
1265 Battle of Evesham
1268
1270 Seventh Crusade
1272 Edward I
1277 English conquest of Wales begins
1278
1279
1280
1282
1288
1290 Death of Eleanor of Castile Jews expelled from England
1299 Edward marries Margaret of France Ottoman Empire begins



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Fourteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307 Edward II
1309 Papacy moves to Avignon
1314 Battle of Bannockburn
1319 Battle of Mytton: Scots defeat English
1322 Battle of Boroughbridge: crown defeats rebels
1323 Truce between Robert Bruce and Edward II but warfare continues
1325
1327 Edward III Death of Robert Bruce
1333 Battle of Halidon Hill
1338 Start of 100 Years War
1342 Birth of Geoffrey Chaucer
1346 Battle of Crecy
1346 Battle Of Neville's Cross
1348 Black Death reaches Europe A third or more of the population died as a result of the Black Death
1356 Battle of Poitiers
1377 Richard II Papacy returns to Rome
1380
1381 The Peasants' Revolt
1382 Chaucer's: 'The Parlement of Foules' first use of rhyme royal in English Literature
1385 Chaucer's: 'Troilus and Criseyde'
1387
1388 Battle of Otterburn
1399 Henry IV
1400 Owen Glendower revolts in Wales Chaucer dies, London, 25 OCT



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Fifteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1413 Henry V
1415 Battle of Agincourt
1422 Henry VI
1440 Eton College & Kings College Cambridge founded
1450 Jack Cade's rebellion
1454 Johannes Gutenberg using movable type commercially
1455 Start of the Wars of the Roses
1455 First Battle of St Albans Johannes Gutenberg prints '42 Line' Bible in Catholic Mainz, Germany
1456
1461 Edward IV
1470 Henry VI
1471 Edward IV Battle of Barnet
1476 Caxton sets up first English printing press
1483 Edward V
1483 Richard III
1485 Battle of Bosworth Field Richard III dies in battle
1485 Henry VII
1486 Henry married Elizabeth of York, uniting the houses of York and Lancaster
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491 Perkin Warbeck claims to be Richard, Duke of York
1492 Christopher Columbus discovers America
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499 Perkin Warbeck hanged



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Sixteenth.jpg

Sixteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1502 Death of Prince Arthur, heir to the throne
1503 Death of Elizabeth of York, Henry's wife
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509 Henry VIII Marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon
1515 Birth of Princess Mary
1528
1529 Cardinal Wolsey accused of high treason
1530
1531
1532 Sir Thomas More gives up the Chancellorship
1533 Henry excommunicated by the Pope
1534 Act of Supremacy passed
1535
1536 Execution of Anne Boleyn Act of Union between Wales and England
1538 Parish Registers started
1547 Edward VI
1548
1549 First Act of Uniformity passed, making Roman Catholic mass illegal The First Book of Common Prayer issued
1550
1551
1552
1553 Jane
1553 Mary I
1554 Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain Execution of Lady Jane Grey
1555
1556
1558 Elizabeth I
1559 Second Act of Supremacy
1560
1561
1562 Sumptuary law restricts hose, ruffs and swords
1563 to 1564 Bubonic Plague in London
1564 William Shakespeare baptised 26 April in Statford-upon-Avon Warwickshire
1565
1568 Mary Queen of Scots flees to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth
1577 to 1580 Francis Drake circumnavigates the world
1586 Mary Queen of Scots sent for trial
1587 Execution of Mary Queen of Scots
1588 Spanish Armada
1589 Stocking Frame invented by William Lee
1590 First part of Edmund Spenser's "The Fairie Queen" published
1598 Bishops' Transcripts introduced
1600 Heels on shoes became common in Europe East India Company founded



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Seventeenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1601 Poor Law Act Relief granted to paupers only in their parish of legal settlement Orphans and paupers' children became apprentices (see Poor Law Act)
1602
1603 James I
1604
1605 Gunpowder Plot
1606
1607 Ulster colonized by Protestant settlers Huge wave in Bristol Channel kills hundreds Settlement of Jamestown, Virginia, USA
1608 John Milton (poet) born Quebec city founded
1609
1610 Authorized Version of Bible
1611
1612 Henry Prince of Wales died of typhoid
1612 10 hanged at Lancaster for witchcraft
1613
1614 New York founded by Dutch (New Amsterdam)
1615
1616 Shakespeare dies 23 April at Statford-upon-Avon
1617
1618
1619
1620 Pilgrim Fathers settle in New England
1621
1622
1623
1624 Fire destroys much of Dunfermline
1625 Charles I
1626
1627 England goes to war with France
1628
1629 11 years rule without Parliament commences
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634 First writs for Ship Money issued
1635
1636
1637 John Hampden tried for non payment of Ship Money New Prayer Book introduced in Scotland
1638
1639 First Bishops War against Scots
1640 Second Bishops war Battle of Newburn Ford
1641 Star Chamber and Court of High Commission abolished Protestation Returns required by Parliament
1641 Irish Rebellion
1642 to 1651 English Civil Wars
1642 Royalists victory at Powick Bridge 23 Sep
1642 Battle of Edgehill 23 Oct
1643 Battle of Braddock Down 19 Jan
1643 Battle of Hopton Heath 16 Mar
1643 Battle of Stratton 16 May
1643 Battle of Chalgrove 17 Jun
1643 Battle of Adwalton Manor 30 Jun
1643 Battle of Roundway Down 13 Jul
1643 Battle of Newbury 20 Sep
1643 Battle of Winceby 11 Oct
1644 Battle of Nantwich 25 Jan
1644 Battle of Cheriton 29 Mar
1644 Battle of Cropredy Bridge 29 June
1644 Battle of Marston Moor 2 July
1645
1646
1647 George Fox's spiritual revelation that leads to founding Quakers
1648 Frondes civil wars in France
January 1649 Regicide of Charles I England declared a republic
1649 to 1660 Interregnum Possible gaps in Parish records
1649 Irish royalists defeated at Wexford and the Siege of Drogheda
1650 Scots royalists defeated at Dunbar Cape Town founded
1651 Scots royalists defeated at Worcester Charles II flees into exile
1652 to 1654 First Dutch War
1652 Pasqua Rosee opens London's first Coffee House
1653 Oliver Cromwell
1654
1655 Parliament dismissed. Country divided into 11 districts, each with a Major-General Jamaica captured from the Spanish
1656
1657
1658 Richard Cromwell Oliver Cromwell dies
1659
1660 Charles II Samuel Pepys begins diary
1661
1662 Poor Relief Act (Act of Settlement) The parish responsible for the relief of the poor.
1662 Book of Common Prayer (the current traditional C of E prayer book)
1663 Mens' wigs become fashionable
1664
1665-67 2nd Dutch War The Oxford Gazette (later the London Gazette) first published
1665 Five Mile Act Great Plague
1666 Great Fire of London
1666 The Oxford Gazette becomes the London Gazette
1667 John Milton writes "Paradise Lost"
1668 Bombay granted to East India Company
1669
1670 Secret Treaty of Dover
1671
1672-74 3rd Dutch War
1673 Test Act
1674 John Milton(poet) died
1675 Royal Observatory established at Greenwich
1676 Great Fire of Southwark St Paul's Cathedral begun by Sir Christopher Wren
1677 Act for burying in Woollen
1678 Popish plot fabricated by Titus Oates "Pilgrim's Progress" by John Bunyan
1679 Habeas Corpus Act
1682 Pennsylvania founded
1685 James II Battle of Sedgmoor Edict of Nantes revoked and many Huguenots settle in England
1687 Newton publishes Principia
1688 The Glorious Revolution
1689 William and Mary Battle of Killiecrankie Freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters
1692 Glencoe Massacre
1693 National Debt founded Land tax first introduced
1694 Death of Mary; William rules alone Foundation of the Bank of England
1695 Press licensing abandoned in England(freedom of the press)
1696 Window Tax introduced



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Eighteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1701 Act of Settlement
1702 Anne War of Spanish Succession starts The Daily Courant published - first daily newspaper
1703
1704 Battle of Blenheim
1705 The Earl of Peterborough captures Barcelona Newcomen patents steam pump
1706 Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramilles
1707 Act of Union
1708 Capture of Minorca Prince George of Denmark, Anne's husband, dies
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713 The Treaty of Utrecht
1714 George I End of the War of Spanish Succession
1715 Jacobite Rebellion defeated
1716 The Septennial Act (General Elections to be held every 7 years)
1717
1718 Thomas Lombe's silk spinning patent
1719 "Robinson Crusoe" published
1720 South Sea Bubble burst
1721 Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister
1722 Death of Duke of Marlborough
1726 "Gulliver's Travels" by Jonathan Swift published Death of Sophia Dorothea, wife of George I
1727 George II Death of Sir Isaac Newton
1733 Kay's flying shuttle
1736 Witchcraft finally abolished as a crime
1737 Death of Queen Caroline
1738 Methodism begins
1739 War of Jenkins Ear
1740 War of the Austrian Succession
1745 2nd Jacobite rebellion
1746 Battle of Culloden
1750 London earth tremors cause panic
1752 Gregorian calendar introduced
1753 Foundation of the British Museum Marriage Act
1755 War with France
1756 to 1763 Seven Years' War
1755 Black Hole of Calcutta
1757 Battle of Plassey
1760 George III
1763 August hailstorms ruin Sussex harvest
1768 Royal Academy of Arts founded Spinning jenny
1770 Lord North becomes Prime Minister Cook charts New South Wales
1773 Boston Tea Party
1775 American War of Independence James Watt develops the steam engine
1776 Bridgewater canal completed American Declaration of Independence
1778 First iron bridge built
1778 Bramah's flushing watercloset patented
1779 Crompton's Mule
1780 4th Anglo-Dutch war Gordon Riots in London
1781
1782
1783 Britain recognises U.S. independence
1783 to 1801 William Pitt the Younger Prime Minister
1784
1785 Separation of the Methodist Church from the Church of England Cartwright's Power Loom
1788 Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) dies in Rome
1788 Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet in Sydney Cove
1789 French Revolution
1790
1791 Publication of "The Rights of Man" by Thomas Paine The Board of Ordnance started mapping southern Britain
1793 War with France
1796 to 1808 Anglo-Spanish War
1796 Grand Junction (Union) Canal opens
1796 Jenner develops smallpox vaccine
1798 Nelson wins Battle of the Nile Beginning of Irish Immigration to Canada



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Nineteenth.jpg

Nineteenth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1800 Census Act
1801 Regents Canal opens Census 10th March (of limited use to family historians
1801 First Ordnance Survey map published, the 1 inch map of Kent
1802
1803 War with France
1804 to 1806 William Pitt Prime Minister
1805 Battle of Trafalgar
1806 State funeral of Nelson
1807 Abolition of Slavery Act
1808 to 1814 Peninsular War
1809 First 'free' settlers to NSW
1810 First curry house opens in England
1811 Prince George appointed Regent when his father's health deteriorates (porphyria) Census 27th May (of limited use to family historians)
1812-15 Anglo-American War
1812 Prime Minister Spencer Perceval assassinated First commercial European paddle steamer Rose's Act passed. Entry of baptisms, marriages and burials in Anglican churches standardised in bound volumes
1813 Publication of "Pride and Prejudice" by Jane Austen
1815 Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo Leeds Liverpool canal completed
1816 Davy lamp improves mining safety Year without a summer due to volcanic eruption
1817
1818 Death of Queen Charlotte
1819 Peterloo Massacre
1820 George IV Failure of the Cato Street Conspiracy
1821 Census May 28th (of limited value to family historians)
1822 Caledonian Canal completed
1823
1824
1825 First railway, Stockton-Darlington
1826 Machine breaking & riots in Lancashire First steamship crosses Atlantic
1829 The Catholic Relief Act passed - Catholics permitted to becomes MPs Metropolitan Police established Stephenson's "Rocket" locomotive WA declared British possession
1830 William IV Liverpool & Midlands Railway opens Census: 30th May (of limited use to family historians
1832 The Reform Bill of 1832
1833 Slavery Abolition Act
1834 Poor Law Amendment Act Tolpuddle Martyrs sentenced to transportation to Australia
1835
1836 Sentence of Tolpuddle Martyrs remitted under public pressure
1837 Victoria Electric Telegraph invented Civil Registration introduced
1838 Chartism:The People's Petition Daguerrotype photographical process Public Record Office established
1839 to 42 First Afghan War
1839 Foundation of the anti-Corn Law League
1840 Uniform Penny Post introduced Victoria married Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
1841 Thomas Cook travel company founded London-Brighton railway completed Census: 6th June
1842 Income Tax Act Income tax re-introduced
1843 Rebecca riots in Wales
1844 Safety match invented in Sweden
1845 Start of the Irish Potato Famine Emigration from Ireland rises steeply
1845 to 1872 New Zealand Colonial Wars
1846 Repeal of the Corn Laws
1847 First use of chloroform in childbirth
1848 Foundation of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Influx of accademic and middle class Europeans to London
1849
1850
1851 The Great Exhibition Australian Gold Rush Census: 30th March
1852 Foundation of the Museum of Manufactures (later the Victoria & Albert Museum)
1853 Compulsory Vaccination Act
1854 to 1856 The Crimean War
1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak John Snow discovers cause of cholera
1855 Civil Registration introduced in Scotland
1856 Crinoline becomes popular Synthetic dyes invented
1856 Bessemer converter enables large scale steel production
1857 The Museum of Manufactures moved to South Kensington and became South Kensington Museum (later the Victoria and Albert Museum) Matrimonial Causes Act
1858 Secular Court of Probate created
1861 Census: 7th April
1861 Death of Prince Albert from typhoid
1861 to 1865 American Civil War Lancashire Cotton Famine
1863 Formation of Football Association First underground railway opens in London
1865 Locomotives on Highways Act also known as the 'Red Flag Act'
1867 Joseph Lister publishes paper on Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery Suez canal opens
1870 Education Act makes primary education compulsory First Barnardo's Home opens
1871 Trade Unions legalized Penny farthing bicycle invented Census: 2nd April
1871 Typewriter invented by Christopher Sholes
1874 to 1880 Benjamin Disraeli Prime Minister (Conservative)
1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone
1877 Edison invents phonograph and electric light bulb
1878 to 1880 Second Afghan War
1879 Zulu War
1880 to 1881 First Boer War
1881 Census: 3rd April
1883 First electric railway opens in Brighton 20 May 1883 eruption of Krakatoa
1887 Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee
1891 Census: 5th April
1892
1893 First Matabele War Marconi invents Wireless Telegraph
1894
1895 Rontgen discovers X rays
1896 Second Matabele War
1897 Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee
1898
1899 Museum of South Kensington becomes the Victoria and Albert Museum Bayer begin marketing Aspirin
1899 to 1902 Second Boer War



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Twentieth Century

YEAR MONARCH POLITICAL/CONFLICTS SOCIAL/EPIDEMICS INVENTIONS/DISCOVERIES NOTABLE EVENTS
1901 Edward VII Australia granted dominion status
1902
1903 Wilbur and Orville Wright make the first flight
1904
1905
1906 San Francisco earthquake
1907 First mention of a brassiere in Vogue New Zealand granted dominion status
1908 Triple Entente between Russia, France and Britain signed 4th Olympic Games held in London
1909 Old age pension introduced in Britain
1910 George V
1911 National Insurance Act Census 2nd April
1912 Sinking of the Titanic
1913
1914 to 1918 World War One Sinking of the Lusitania
1916 Battle of the Somme
1917 Russian Revolution
1918 Qualification of Women Act Influenza pandemic First opportunity for women to vote
1919 Third Afghan War (May-Aug) Lady Astor becomes the first woman MP
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924 First Labour Government formed by Ramsay MacDonald
1925
1926 General Strike in support of coalminers John Logie Baird makes the first public demonstration of television Formal Legal Adoption Commenced
1927
1928 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin
1929 The Wall Street Crash Start of the Great Depression
1930
1931
1932
1933
1936 Edward VIII January to December
1936 George VI Maiden voyage of the liner the Queen Mary
1937 Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson
1939 to 1945 World War Two
1946
1947 Notably severe winter in UK India and Pakistan granted independence
1948 Berlin Blockade and Air Lift
1949
1950
1952 Elizabeth II Polio vaccine developed
1954 Rationing finally ends
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959 to 1975 Vietnam War
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963 Very severe winter
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968 USSR invades Czechoslovakia
1969 Apollo 11 moonlanding - 1st man on the moon
1970
1971 Introduction of decimal currency
1973
1974
1974
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982 Falklands War
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989 Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web Fall of the Berlin Wall



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Adding an event to the timeline

It will sometimes be necessary to make a value judgement into which column something will fit. If that column is already "full", then another row can be added.


The columns will remain the same width, and any long text will wrap onto extra lines automatically. It will also be vertically aligned.


Please keep the text as short as possible - if you feel that more information is needed, it is usually possible to add a hyperlink to a website such as Wikipedia!!


If there is a relevant page elsewhere in The Wiki, please use an internal link.


Click on [edit]

Timeline1.jpg


You will see the code:

Timeline2.jpg


Adding an event

Count along the row and just type in the spaces - be careful to leave || in between each item.

| DATE || MONARCH || type in here || type in here || type in here || type in here


Adding a new row

Each row in the list needs:

|-valign="top"

| DATE || MONARCH || type in here || type in here || type in here || type in here


N.B. One | at the beginning of the line

N.B. Nothing at the end of the line


Adding hyperlinks

Timeline3.jpg [http://www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/articles/goldrush/ Australian Gold Rush]


Timeline4.jpg [[Records Office Guide|Civil Registration introduced]]


For more information about wiki coding please see Minibad.jpg The Wiki Guide How to use The Wiki.



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